Health-Related Quality of Life of Pediatric Intensive Care Survivors

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS)de crianças sobreviventes à alta da terapia intensiva pediátrica. Métodos: Foi realizada uma avaliação prospectiva da QVRS na admissão e após 6 meses em crianças com idade igual ou superior a 6 anos, internadas em três unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas (UTIPs) terciárias de maio de 2002 a junho de 2004. A QVRS foi avaliada com o questionário Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), aplicado a um representante da criança. Resultados: Das 517 admissões elegíveis, 44 crianças faleceram na UTIP (8,5%) e 320 casos foram avaliados na admissão; entre eles, foi possível realizar o seguimento de 252 casos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os escores globais do HUI3 antes da admissão e no seguimento [medianas (intervalo interquartil) de 0,86 (0,42-1,00) e 0,83 (0,45-1,00); p = 0,674, respectivamente]. No âmbito individual, 21% das crianças não apresentaram mudanças na QVRS, foi observada melhora em 40% e agravamento em 38% dos casos. Deficiência grave antes da admissão (escore global do HUI3 < 0,70)esteve presente em 36% dos casos, com melhora no seguimento aos 6 meses em 60% deles. Entre aqueles que apresentaram agravamento da QVRS no seguimento, 45% eram vítimas de trauma. Conclusões: Embora a QVRS seja globalmente semelhante nas duas avaliações, foram encontradas várias diferenças no âmbito individual. As crianças com baixa QVRS antes da admissão (deficiência grave) podem se beneficiar da terapia intensiva pediátrica, visto que muitas dessas crianças melhoraram a QVRS, em comparação com seu estado pré-admissão.

Bull's Eye Maculopathy in a Patient Treated with Efavirenz

Objective: To report a case of retinal toxicity associated with efavirenz in an adult. Methods: We describe a case of gradual-onset blurry vision in both eyes in a 37-year-old HIV Caucasian woman, on antiretroviral therapy (ART), including efavirenz. Results: The patient presented with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/100 for the right eye (RE) and 20/125 for the left eye (LE). Fundoscopy revealed mottled atrophic changes of the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography revealed an annular pattern of RPE atrophy in both eyes. Full-field electretinography (ERG) was normal. Conclusions: Based on our patient’s history and on previous reports, efavirenz seems to be the culprit in this case. Our report provides evidence in support of routine ophthalmological evaluation of patients on efavirenz.

Acute Kidney Injury after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Risk Factors and Outcomes. Proposal for a Predictive Model

Objectives: To characterize the epidemiology and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery in our center, to determine its association with poor short-term outcomes, and to develop a logistic regression model that will predict the risk of AKI for the study population. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included consecutive pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2010 and December 2012. Exclusion criteria were a history of renal disease, dialysis or renal transplantation. Results: Of the 325 patients included, median age three years (1 day---18 years), AKI occurred in 40 (12.3%) on the first postoperative day. Overall mortality was 13 (4%), nine of whom were in the AKI group. AKI was significantly associated with length of intensive care unit stay, length of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death (p<0.01). Patients’ age and postoperative serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and lactate levels were included in the logistic regression model as predictor variables. The model accurately predicted AKI in this population, with a maximum combined sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 75.4%. Conclusions: AKI is common and is associated with poor short-term outcomes in this setting. Younger age and higher postoperative serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and lactate levels were powerful predictors of renal injury in this population. The proposed model could be a useful tool for risk stratification of these patients.