N170 Asymmetry as an Index of Inferior Occipital Dysfunction in Patients With Symptomatic Occipital Lobe Epilepsy

Objective: Localizing epileptic foci in posterior brain epilepsy remains a difficult exercise in surgery for epilepsy evaluation. Neither clinical manifestations, neurological, EEG nor neuropsychological evaluations provide strong information about the area of onset, and fast spread of paroxysms often produces mixed features of occipital, temporal and parietal symptoms. We investigated the usefulness of the N170 event-related potential to map epileptic activity in these patients. Methods: A group of seven patients with symptomatic posterior cortex epilepsy were submitted to a high-resolution EEG (78 electrodes), with recordings of interictal spikes and face-evoked N170. Generators of spikes and N170 were localized by source analysis. Range of normal N170 asymmetry was determined in 30 healthy volunteers. Results: In 3 out of 7 patients the N170 inter-hemispheric asymmetry was outside control values. Those were the patients whose spike sources were nearest (within 3 cm) to the fusiform gyrus, while foci further away did not affect the N170 ratio. Conclusions: N170 event-related potential provides useful information about focal cortical dysfunction produced by epileptic foci located in the close neighborhood of the fusiform gyrus, but are unaffected by foci further away. Significance: The N170 evoked by faces can improve the epileptic foci localization in posterior brain epilepsy.

Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement During Pregnancy: an Adjuvant Option When Medical Therapy Fails

The authors present a case of a 27-year-old multiparous woman, with multiple thrombophilia, whose pregnancy was complicated with deep venous thrombosis requiring placement of a vena cava filter. At 15th week of gestation, following an acute deep venous thrombosis of the right inferior limb, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was instituted without improvement in her clinical status. Subsequently, at 18 weeks of pregnancy, LMWH was switched to warfarin. At 30th week of gestation, the maintenance of high thrombotic risk was the premise for placement of an inferior vena cava filter for prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism during childbirth and postpartum. There were no complications and a vaginal delivery was accomplished at 37 weeks of gestation. Venal placement of inferior vena cava filters is an attractive option as prophylaxis for pulmonary embolism during pregnancy.

Reconstrução Complexa de Defeito do Terço Inferior do Nariz

A reconstrução de defeitos nasais deve preservar a integridade das funções e expressões faciais. A localização do tumor, o tamanho, as camadas atingidas e a disponibilidade de tecido dador devem ser considerados, de modo a estabelecer o procedimento cirúrgico adequado. Em qualquer reconstrução nasal, é necessário ter em conta três camadas: revestimento interno, suporte cartilagíneo e revestimento externo. Os autores descrevem a reconstrução de um defeito de espessura total do terço inferior do nariz após excisão de carcinoma basocelular recidivado, com retalho septal mucoso ipsilateral para a reconstrução do revestimento interno, enxerto livre de cartilagem auricular para o suporte cartilagíneo e retalho de transposição nasogeniano para o revestimento externo, num único tempo cirúrgico e com resultado estético e funcional final aceitável.

Carcinoma de Células Renais com Trombo Gigante na Veia Cava Inferior: Abordagem Cirúrgica Multidisciplinar

A nefrectomia radical associada a trombectomia da veia cava inferior constitui a única opção terapêutica passível de melhoria prognóstica dos carcinomas de células renais com trombos venosos major. Descrevemos o caso de um homem, 55 anos, com o diagnóstico de tumor renal com trombo intra-cávico de grandes dimensões. O doente foi alvo de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, tendo sido submetido a nefrectomia radical à direita, trombectomia e cavoplastia, com recurso ainda a bypass cardiopulmonar e circulação extra-corpórea. O pós-operatório não registou intercorrências. A análise histológica concluiu tratar-se de um carcinoma de células renais, variante células claras e trombo excisado na totalidade, sem invasão da parede venosa. Aos dois anos de pós-operatório o doente encontra-se sem evidência de recidiva tumoral nem foram descritos eventos de embolização pulmonar.