Localized Abdominal Idiopathic Lipodystrophy

Localized loss of subcutaneous tissue can occur after panniculitis, injections of corticosteroids and other drugs, or associated with infectious, autoimmune or neurologic diseases. The "idiopathic lipoatrophies" are a group of poorly characterized diseases, with focal disappearance of subcutaneous fat, and usually the thighs, abdomen or the ankles are affected. Three subtypes have been described based on clinical presentation: lipoatrophia semicircularis, annular lipoatrophy of the ankles and centrifugal lipodystrophy. We describe a 52-year-old female patient who developed a localized atrophy of the abdominal areas over a period of 3 months without any inflammatory signs over the evolution of the disease. The patient denied any previous local trauma or medication of any type. The atrophy stabilized, showing no progression over the last 6 years. The histopathological examination was normal except for the absence of subcutaneous fat, although the biopsy was taken down to the fascia. There was no clinical or serologic evidence of autoimmune diseases and laboratory testing for Borrelia burgdorferi infection was negative. Other causes of localized lipoatrophies were excluded and the final diagnosis was localized idiopathic lipodystrophy. Our patient is the second report on an abdominal lipodystrophy, with no previous inflammatory signs, absence of subcutaneous fat and no associated pathogenic factor. There is no established treatment for idiopathic lipodystrophy, and the lesions do not tend to resolve spontaneously.

Implante Contraceptivo Não Palpável - Estratégias para a sua Localização e Remoção

Overview and Aims: The contraceptive implant is frequently used to provide contraceptive protection over three years. The implant is inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of the upper arm, and should be palpable and easily removed. We evaluated the best imaging strategy for non-palpable implant (Implanon®) localization and removal. Study Design: Retrospective study. Population: A total of 11 women referred to a tertiary care hospital, between October 2009 and January 2012, for localization and removal of their non-palpable implants. Methods: Different localization methods (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) were evaluated for non-palpable rod. Results: Seven of the nonpalpable implants were inserted in a health care center, three in a district hospital and one in a private clinic. In three women, the reasons for requesting removal were the end of the implant validity, two wanted to become pregnant, two had weight gain, one had weight loss, one referred irregular bleeding, one had two implants and one did a hysterectomy. In 81.8% (9) of the women, the implants were identified and localized by ultrasound, and successfully removed. In two patients the implant was not found and therefore not removed. Conclusions: In our study, high resolution ultrasound proved to be a sensitive method in implants localization, being the primary choice for determining the location of nonpalpable implants.

Thoracic Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) comprise several immunologic systemic disorders, each of which associated with a particular set of clinical manifestations and autoimmune profile. CTDs may cause numerous thoracic abnormalities, which vary in frequency and pattern according to the underlying disorder. The CTDs that most commonly involve the respiratory system are progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease. Pulmonary abnormalities in this group of patients may result from CTD-related lung disease or treatment complications, namely drug toxicity and opportunistic infections. The most important thoracic manifestations of CTDs are interstitial lung disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension, with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia being the most common pattern of interstitial lung disease. High-resolution computed tomography is a valuable tool in the initial evaluation and follow-up of patients with CTDs. As such, general knowledge of the most common high-resolution computed tomographic features of CTD-related lung disease allows the radiologist to contribute to better patient management.