O Efeito de Pulfrich e a Esclerose Múltipla

Introdução: O efeito de Pulfrich é um fenómeno psicofísico em que o movimento lateral/pendular de um objecto num plano bidimensional pode ser interpretado pelo córtex visual como um movimento tridimensional devido à diferença relativa do tempo de latência entre os dois olhos. Objectivo: Determinar se a neuropatia óptica desmielinizante unilateral ou assimétrica origina o fenómeno de Pulfrich. Métodos: Pesquisámos em 22 doentes com o diagnóstico de neuropatia óptica desmielinizante a percepção do fenómeno através de uma imagem pendular gerada por computador. Avaliámos as acuidades visuais corrigidas, realizámos Potenciais Evocados Visuais (PEV) para quantificação do tempo de latência da onda P100 e recorremos à interposição de um filtro polarizado de 70% para verificar a sua anulação. Resultados: Dez dos 22 doentes observaram o fenómeno e este foi abolido após interposição de um filtro polarizado. Conclusões: A neuropatia óptica pode originar o efeito de Pulfrich e explicar algumas queixas visuais aparentemente inespecíficas, sem alterações evidentes das acuidades visuais ou da estereopsia.

Ambulatory Hysteroscopy Results Post-Menopause: Comparative Study Between Patients With and Without Metrorrhagia

Our objective was to compare the results of ambulatory hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women with and without uterine bleeding. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on 236 women who were at least 2 years into the menopause, who were not undergoing hormone treatment and who had had abnormal pelvic ultrasound results. Of these women, 150 were asymptomatic and 86 reported haemorrhage. Diagnostic and operative outpatient hysteroscopy was performed between January 2002 and December 2003. There was no difference between the two groups regarding age of patients, age of menopause and presence of at least one of the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma evaluated, although obesity was more frequent in the symptomatic group. Abnormal ultrasound results for these women corresponded in the majority of cases to intracavitary disease, and the absence of organic endometrial pathology was 9.3% vs 11.3% in each group. The more frequent pathology was benign endometrial polyps (64% in bleeding patients and 84.7% in asymptomatic ones). Endometrial carcinoma was diagnosed in 23.3% of women with metrorrhagia and in 1.3% of asymptomatic women. We diagnosed 2.6% of malignancy inside polyps. Hysteroscopy results were confirmed by histology in 90.3% of cases. See and treat in one session was achieved in 91% of benign endometrial polyps. Ambulatory hysteroscopy has high sensitivity and specificity for intracavitary pathology and high tolerability and safety. See and treat in one session can be achieved in the majority of lesions with indication for excision. These results make us advise our menopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding to undergo diagnostic hysteroscopy complemented with biopsy.