3 resultados para Retro-reflexões de Laüe
Resumo:
O Ensino da Pediatria deve ser encarado como o ensino da medicina integral de um grupo etário, com especificidades muito bem definidas e áreas únicas na medicina. Devem ser tomadas em consideração as sub-especialidades que lhe são inerentes, à semalhança do que acontece na medicina dos adultos, sendo errado partir do pressuposto de que para a pediatria é necessário menos tempo de ensino. Embora saudável a competição e diversidade entre Faculdades de Medicina, seria desejável alguma uniformidade, um corpo comum de aprendizagem, nivelado por cima, pelo que é do máximo interesse a troca de experiências entre docentes e atenção à opinião dos discentes. No que respeita ao ensino pós-graduado é urgente uma reforma que actualize os currícula às exigências dos tempos modernos, permitindo que, no período oficial de formação, haja lugar para a sub especialização se o pediatra assim o entender e for entendida como útil.
Resumo:
O A. aborda o problema da carreira de Medicina Interna na perspectiva da formação teórica e prática e dos estágios obrigatórios e facultativos. Lembra que, para além do Internista clássico, há que admitir a existência de internistas/intensivistas e internistas com vocação para uma espe cialidade médica. São abordadas as relações da medicina interna com as sub-especialidades médicas por um lado, e com a Clínica Geral por outro, defendendo-se a criação de um tronco-comum de 2 anos anos tanto para sub-especialistas como para generalistas.
Resumo:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a role as a modulator in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The clinical pattern of vagally mediated PAF has been observed mainly in young patients. Neurocardiogenic responses during orthostatic stress are related to autonomic reflexes in which the vagal influence predominates. AIM: To evaluate the susceptibility of elderly patients with PAF to activation of vasovagal syncope mechanisms. METHODS: We performed passive head-up tilt testing (HUT) in 34 patients (62% women, aged 72 +/- 7 years), with > or = 1 year of clinical history of PAF--19 without structural heart disease, 11 with hypertensive heart disease and 4 with coronary artery disease (who had no previous myocardial infarction, had undergone myocardial revascularization, and had no documented ischemia) (PAF group), and compared the results with those obtained in a group of 34 age-matched patients (53% women, aged 74 +/- 6 years), who underwent HUT due to recurrent syncope (Sc group). In this group, 21 had no documented heart disease and none had a clinical history of AF. There was no diabetes, congestive heart failure or syncope in the PAF group. After a supine resting period, the subjects were tilted at 70 degrees for 20 minutes while in sinus rhythm. No provocative agents were used to complement the HUT. ECG and blood pressure were continuously monitored (Task Force Monitor, CNSystems). The test was considered positive when syncope or presyncope occurred with bradycardia and/or arterial hypotension. Abnormal responses were classified as cardioinhibitory, vasodepressor or mixed. RESULTS: HUT was positive in seven patients of the PAF group--vasodepressor response in five and mixed in two (20.5% of the total; 26.3% of those without heart disease)--and in eight patients (vasodepressor in six and mixed in two) of the Sc group (p=NS). During HUT, three patients of the PAF group had short periods of self-limited PAF (in one, after vasodepressor syncope). There were no differences in gender distribution, age or heart disease. No cardioinhibitory responses or orthostatic hypotension were observed. CONCLUSION: In elderly patients with PAF, a significant number of false positive results during passive HUT may be expected, suggesting increased vasovagal reactions despite aging. This suggests that ANS imbalances may be observed in this population.