Upper Arm Anthropometry Is Not a Valid Predictor of Regional Body Composition in Preterm Infants

Background: Upper arm anthropometry has been used in the nutritional assessment of small infants, but it has not yet been validated as a predictor of regional body composition in this population. Objective: Validation of measured and derived upper arm anthropometry as a predictor of arm fat and fat-free compartments in preterm infants. Methods: Upper arm anthropometry, including the upper arm cross-sectional areas, was compared individually or in combination with other anthropometric measurements, with the cross-sectional arm areas measured by magnetic resonance imaging, in a cohort of consecutive preterm appropriate-for-gestationalage neonates, just before discharge. Results: Thirty infants born with (mean 8 SD) a gestational age of 30.7 8 1.9 weeks and birth weight of 1,380 8 325 g, were assessed at 35.4 8 1.1 weeks of corrected gestational age, weighing 1,785 8 93 g. None of the anthropometric measurements are reliable predictors (r 2 ! 0.56) of the measurements obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, individually or in combination with other anthropometric measurements. Conclusion: Both measured anthropometry and derived upper arm anthropometry are inaccurate predictors of regional body composition in preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age infants.

Intercorrências da Anestesia Regional em Obstetrícia. Avaliação Retrospectiva

Os autores fizeram uma revisão retrospectiva de 1902 grávidas submetidas a analgesia/anestesia regional no período decorrente de Julho a Dezembro de 2001. Foram detectadas 21 intercorrências relacionadas com a execução da técnica e complicações posteriores. Destaca-se a Punção acidental da dura-mater como intercorrência mais frequente (66%), obrigando a intervenção terapêutica e maior tempo de internamento hospitalar.

Brachial Plexus Morphology and Vascular Supply in the Wistar Rat

Introduction: The rat is probably the animal species most widely used in experimental studies on nerve repair. The aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the morphology and blood supply of the rat brachial plexus. Material and Methods: Thirty adult rats were studied regarding brachial plexus morphology and blood supply. Intravascular injection and dissection under an operating microscope, as well as light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to define the microanatomy of the rat brachial plexus and its vessels. Results: The rat brachial plexus was slightly different from the human brachial plexus. The arterial and venous supply to the brachial plexus plexus was derived directly or indirectly from neighboring vessels. These vessels formed dense and interconnected plexuses in the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. Several brachial plexus components were accompanied for a relatively long portion of their length by large and constant blood vessels that supplied their epineural plexus, making it possible to raise these nerves as flaps. Discussion: The blood supply to the rat brachial plexus is not very different from that reported in humans, making the rat a useful animal model for the experimental study of peripheral nerve pathophysiology and treatment. Conclusion: Our results support the homology between the rat and the human brachial plexus in terms of morphology and blood supply. This work suggests that several components of the rat brachial plexus can be used as nerve flaps, including predominantly motor, sensory or mixed nerve fibers. This information may facilitate new experimental procedures in this animal model.

Técnicas de Anestesia Regional em Cirurgia Ortopédica Pediátrica - Estudo Retrospectivo de 2012

A anestesia regional em ortopedia apresenta vantagens claras na estabilidade hemodinâmica, perfusão do território cirúrgico e analgesia de qualidade superior. o objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tipo e frequência de técnicas realizadas no ano de 2012 em anestesia para cirurgia ortopédica pediátrica. Um total de 662 crianças agendadas para cirurgia electiva foram retrospectivamente estudadas no que diz respeito às técnicas regionais utilizadas. Foram realizadas 248 técnicas regionais em 2012. Houve urn predominio de bloqueios do neuro-eixo (63%) em relação aos bloqueios dos nervos periféricos (BNP) (37%). A ultrassonografia foi essencial nos BNP realizados, correspondendoa 75% dos casos. Na anestesia do membro superior os bloqueios mais frequentes foram o bloqueio do plexo braquialvia supra-clavicular (61%) e os BNP na fossa antecubital (23%). No membro inferior os bloqueios mais comuns foram o bloqueio do nervo ciciticopopliteo (41%) e o bloqueio de nervo femoral (35%). Colocaram-se cateteres contínuos de bloqueio de nervo periférico em 5 bloqueios do nervo ciático popliteo. o uso de ecografo tornou-se preponderante para a realização de bloqueios dos nervos periféricos dos membros com as vantagens já amplamente descritas na literatura. Parece haver margem para diminuir o número de técnicas do neuro-eixo em relação a realização de BNP com uma maior taxa de colocação de cateteres contínuos de bloqueio de nervo periférico, diminuindo deste modo a invasibilidade do neuro-eixo. 0 número total de BNP realizados parece claramente satisfatório embora careça de estudos comparativos com outras instituições que o comprove.