Tuberculose Infantil — Terapêutica

A partir do início dos anos 80, o melhor conhecimento da microbiologia do Bacilo de Kock (BK), bem como da farmacodinamia e da farmacocinética dos antibacilares, permitiu seleccionar 5 tuberculoestáticos de primeira linha e associá-los em esquemas que levaram a um encurtamento substancial no tempo dos regimes antes empregues na terapêutica da TB, quer nas formas simples, quer nas complicadas. O autor enumera algumas propriedades e limitações da isoniazida (INH), rifampicina (RMP), pirazinamida (PZA), estreptomicina (SM) e etambutol (EMB) e apresenta os seus esquemas associativos nas várias formas de TB infantil: TB infecção, TB pulmonar simples ou complicada, TB extrapulmonar. São igualmente apontadas, de maneira protocolada, as indicações da corticoterapia na TB infantil. Em síntese, afirma-se que é necessário tratar correctamente a TB doença e a TB infecção da criança, o que seria dispensado se, em tempo oportuno, fosse accionada, como devia, a principal arma da prevenção da TB infantil: a detecção precoce de todos os casos dos adultos contagiantes e o seu tratamento imediato, correcto e completo.

Effects of Local Anesthetic on the Time Between Analgesic Boluses and the Duration of Labor in Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia: Prospective Study of Two Ultra-Low Dose Regimens of Ropivacaine and Sufentanil

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with low concentrations of anesthetics is effective in reducing labor pain. The aim of this study was to assess and compare two ultra-low dose regimens of ropivacaine and sufentanil (0.1% ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil vs. 0.06% ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil) on the intervals between boluses and the duration of labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this non-randomized prospective study, conducted between January and July 2010, two groups of parturients received patient-controlled epidural analgesia: Group I (n = 58; 1 mg.ml-1 ropivacaine + 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil) and Group II (n = 57; 0.6 mg.ml-1 ropivacaine + 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil). Rescue doses of ropivacaine at the concentration of the assigned group without sufentanil were administered as necessary. Pain, local anesthetic requirements, neuraxial blockade characteristics, labor and neonatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: The ropivacaine dose was greater in Group I (9.5 [7.7-12.7] mg.h-1 vs. 6.1 [5.1-9.8 mg.h-1], p < 0.001). A time increase between each bolus was observed in Group I (beta = 32.61 min, 95% CI [25.39; 39.82], p < 0.001), whereas a time decrease was observed in Group II (beta = -1.40 min, 95% CI [-2.44; -0.36], p = 0.009). The duration of the second stage of labor in Group I was significantly longer than that in Group II (78 min vs. 65 min, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Parturients receiving 0.06% ropivacaine exhibited less evidence of cumulative effects and exhibited faster second stage progression than those who received 0.1% ropivacaine.