Rastreio Neonatal de Hemoglobinopatias numa População Residente em Portugal

The primary objective of newborn screening of hemoglobinopathies is the early identification of infants with sickle cell disease, as they are at increased clinical risk. Other goals include the identification of other types of clinically significant hemoglobinopathies and the detection of heterozygous carriers followed by the screening and counselling of family members. We performed a pilot study for the neonatal screening of hemoglobinopathies in 400 samples of cord blood taken from a maternity in Lisbon. We did not find any newborn with sickle cell disease. Six samples were from sickle cell heterozygotes, the respective families were studied and informed. We looked for the presence of alpha-thalassemia at birth in 100 consecutive samples of cord blood, by the presence of Hb Bart's, abnormal red blood cell indices and alpha-globin genotype. The results show an incidence of 10% of alpha-thalassemia (-alpha) carriers and 4% of triple alpha-globin gene carriers. The authors discuss the feasibility of neonatal screening of hemoglobinopathies in a Portuguese-speaking population consisting of a low prevalence of Hb S trait autoclonous group and a high prevalence immigrant minority

Annular Lichen Planus in Association with Crohn Disease

BACKGROUND: Lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Although the etiology is not established, it has been associated with autoimmune diseases, viral infections, drugs and dental restoration materials. However, the association with inflammatory bowel disease has been very rarely reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old female patient presented with annular lesions on her upper body and limbs, with a sharply defined border and non-atrophic skin in the center. The lesions were hyperpigmented and had been stable for over one year. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of annular lichen planus. She had weight loss, occasional diarrhea, and a severe anemia. The investigation of these symptoms led to the diagnosis of Crohn disease and a sickle cell trait. Therapy with systemic corticosteroids and mesalazine controlled the intestinal disease, with concomitant improvement of the skin lesions. CONCLUSIONS: As lichen planus can be associated with other immunological disorders, the association with inflammatory bowel disease should be considered in the evaluation of the patient.

Drepanocitose e Gravidez: Estado da Arte

Os autores apresentam uma revisão teórica da Drepanocitose (SS), focando os aspectos mais pertinentes da fisiopatologia, clínica, diagnóstico e principais medidas terapêuticas. Alertam para as complicações mais frequentes na gravidez e salientam a importância do Aconselhamento Genético e do Diagnóstico Pré-Natal no modelo de prevenção da doença.

A Transfusão Sanguínea na Drepanocitose

A Drepanocitose é uma doença genética caracterizada pela presença de uma hemoglobina anormal (Hb S). Esta apresenta baixa afinidade para o oxigénio, permitindo uma boa oxigenação dos tecidos com níveis baixos de hemoglobina. Assim, as transfusões sanguíneas não se justificam para corrigir a anemia basal, mas são indispensáveis no tratamento e prevenção de algumas complicações. Apresentam-se detalhadamente as indicações transfusionais, bem como as diferentes modalidades utilizáveis nesta patologia: transfusão simples, exsanguíneo-transfusão e hiper-transfusão. Termina-se referindo o componente sanguíneo a utilizar preferencialmente, as complicações relacionadas com a transfusão e as medidas preventivas a tomar, sugerindo a necessidade da existência do boletim transfusional do doente.