Giant Interatrial Septal Aneurysms Mimicking Quistic Masses. Two Cases with Different Therapeutic Options

With the recent technical improvement in echocardiography imaging (second harmonics) the number of interatrial septum aneurysms (ASA) increased and are easily recognized. We assist to an overdiagnosing number of cases and diagnostic criteria emerged to face this problem. In the great majority of the cases ASA are small and inoffensive, but as ASA is considered a risk factor for cardioembolism when associated with persistence of foramen oval (PFO), an examination by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for exclusion of PFO makes the sense and is a common testing in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Besides these frequent ASA, other forms exist; the authors describe two cases of uncommon and huge ASA, one mimicking a right atrial tumor and the other a quistic, hipoechoic mass. The first case was associated with mitral stenosis and was submitted to surgery and the second was closed with an Amplatzer occluder device usually used in atrial septal defect (ASD).

Influência da Estimulação e Bloqueio do Sistema Nervoso Autónomo na Refractariedade Auricular em Doentes com Fibrilhação Auricular Paroxística Idiopática

With the recent technical improvement in echocardiography imaging (second harmonics) the number of interatrial septum aneurysms (ASA) increased and are easily recognized. We assist to an overdiagnosing number of cases and diagnostic criteria emerged to face this problem. In the great majority of the cases ASA are small and inoffensive, but as ASA is considered a risk factor for cardioembolism when associated with persistence of foramen oval (PFO), an examination by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for exclusion of PFO makes the sense and is a common testing in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Besides these frequent ASA, other forms exist; the authors describe two cases of uncommon and huge ASA, one mimicking a right atrial tumor and the other a quistic, hipoechoic mass. The first case was associated with mitral stenosis and was submitted to surgery and the second was closed with an Amplatzer occluder device usually used in atrial septal defect (ASD).

Actinomicose Mandibular Crónica. Implicações Anestésicas e Infecciosas: a Propósito de um Caso Clínico

Doente do sexo feminino, 18 anos, raça negra, natural da Guiné-Bissau, com quadro clínico com 8 anos de evolução, de sinais inflamatórios ao nível de ambos os ângulos da mandíbula, com nódulos palpáveis e drenagem espontânea de material aquoso não purulento, após exodontia de molar mandibular. Para diagnóstico definitivo foi colocada indicação para biópsia mandibular sob anestesia geral. Na avaliação pré-operatória destacava-se uma via aérea previsivelmente muito difícil: mallampati IV, micrognátia com abertura da boca muito limitada (1 cm), distância tiromentoniana < 6 cm e mobilidade cervical limitada, pelo que se programou intubação endotraqueal guiada por fibroscopia. Procedeu-se à intubação nasotraqueal guiada por fibroscopia com tubo 7,0 com cuff, sob sedação endovenosa com midazolam e fentanil, sem intercorrências. A apresentação deste caso tem como objectivo realçar as dificuldades inerentes ao diagnóstico de actinomicose com frequente necessidade de procedimentos invasivos, sob anestesia geral, o que condiciona um risco anestésico importante associado à dificuldade na abordagem da via aérea.

Síndrome de Hiperestimulação do Ovário em Gravidez Espontânea

Introdução: O Síndrome de Hiperestimulação do Ovário (SHO) geralmente é descrito como uma complicação iatrogénica dos tratamentos de indução da ovulação. Raramente, pode estar associado a ciclos ovulatórios espontâneos, sendo mais frequente em gravidez múltipla, patologia molar e hipotiroidismo. A apresentação clínica é variável, podendo nos casos mais graves ser fatal. Caso clínico: Grávida de 13 semanas, nulípara, sem história de tratamentos de infertilidade, referenciada por aumento bilateral do volume ovárico e ascite. Apresentava ligeiro desconforto abdominal, tendo a ecografia revelado ovários aumentados de volume, multiquísticos e ascite ligeira. Os níveis de estradiol estavam aumentados, com hCG e TSH normais. A terapêutica foi expectante, com uma evolução favorável. Discussão: O SHO espontâneo apesar de ser uma entidade rara, deve ser equacionada como hipótese diagnóstica nas situações de massa pélvica na gravidez. Estão descritos 3 possíveis mecanismos para o SHO espontâneo, baseados na permissividade do receptor ovárico da FSH para a hCG e/ou TSH, podendo ocorrer com níveis normais ou elevados de hCG e/ou TSH. C

Appendiceal Mucocele – Unexpected Diagnosis in a Gynecology Department

Appendiceal mucocele is a rare entity, occuring in < 1% among appendicectomies, with a female predominance 4/1 (F/M) and a mean age of more than 50 years. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult; in most cases, it´s an intraoperative finding. In such work, we describe the two clinical cases occurring in last 10 years in our Department. Case 1 - 56 years old, posmenopausal, referred to our Department (02/2004) because an asymptomatic right adnexal septated cystic image, 53x48mm, with hipovascularized septa and a vascularised capsule with low flow resistance (IR 0,57). CA 125 elevated (71,3 U/mL).Exploratory laparotomy: an ovary increased, with a gelatanious consistency and an appendicular enlargement. Extemporaneous examination: a pseudomixoma peritonei, associated with a mucinous appendicular and an ovary tumor. It was performed a radical surgery. The histo-pathological analysis showed a mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix with peritoneal mucinous dissemination involving the ovary. Expectant attitude since the surgery, without clinical and imaging signs of recurrence. Case 2- 62 years old posmenopausal and asymptomatic woman, with a large adnexal mass detected on routine pelvic ultrasound: heterogeneous, 94x84mm without vascularisation signs in its interior. CEA was elevated (41,47U/ml). Exploratory laparotomy (02/2010): enlarged appendix and macroscopically normal pelvic organs. An appendicectomy was performed. The histo-pathological analysis showed a 10cm mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix and signs of localized (visceral peritoneal surface) pseudomyxoma peritonei. Currently she’s clinically well, in an expectant attitude. Despite mucoceles of the appendix are rare, they should be considered in women presenting with abnormal quadrant masses.

The Shading Sign: Is It Exclusive of Endometriomas?

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if the shading sign is an exclusive MRI feature of endometriomas or endometrioid tumors, and to analyze its different patterns. METHODS: Three hundred and fourty six women with adnexal masses who underwent 1.5/3-T MRI were included in this retrospective, board-approved study. The shading sign was found in 56 patients, but five cases were excluded due to lack of imaging follow-up or histological correlation. The final sample included 51 women. The type of tumor and the pattern of shading were recorded for each case. RESULTS: Thirty endometriomas and five endometrioid carcinomas were found. The remaining 16 cases corresponded to other benign and malignant tumors. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73%, 93%, 59%, and 96%, respectively. Restricting the analysis to cystic lesions without solid or fat component, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73%, 96%, 94%, and 80%. Five shading patterns were identified: layering (15.7%), liquid-liquid level (11.8%), homogenous (45.1%), heterogeneous (11.8%), and focal/multifocal shading within a complex mass (19.6%). No significant correlation was found between these patterns and the type of tumor. CONCLUSIONS: The shading sign is not exclusive of endometriomas or endometrioid tumors. Homogenous shading was the most prevalent pattern in endometriomas and half of the cases with focal/multifocal shading within a complex mass were endometrioid carcinomas.