Abordagem Mini Invasiva da Necrose Pancreática Infectada

A abordagem cirúrgica da pancreatite aguda grave está fundamentalmente centrada na complicação séptica da necrose. No doente com pancreatite aguda necrosante em sepsis severa ou shock séptico com síndrome de disfunção multiorgânica/falência multiorgânica (MODS/MOF) o objectivo principal é o controlo de foco séptico. Se possível deve proceder-se a drenagem percutânea com controlo imagiológico por Tomografia Computorizada ou ultrasonografia (TC/US) das colecções fluidas infectadas. No caso de sequestro sólido infectado, tem que se proceder a sequestrectomia, que quase invariavelmente tem de ser repetida. Não há uma técnica ideal, mas parece haver evidências que uma abordagem mini-invasiva repetida, está associada a menor morbilidade e menos complicações, limitando porventura a resposta inflamatória à agressão cirúrgica.

Psychosocial Morbidity and its Correlates in Cancer Patients of the Mediterranean Area: Findings from the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study

BACKGROUND: A few and partial data are available on psychosocial morbidity among cancer patients in Mediterranean countries. As a part of a more general investigation (Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study-SEPOS), the rate of psychosocial morbidity and its correlation with clinical and cultural variables were examined in cancer patients in Italy, Portugal and Spain. METHODS: A convenience sample of cancer outpatients with good performance status and no cognitive impairment were approached. The Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD-S), the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale (Mini-MAC), and the Cancer Worries Inventory (CWI) were used to measure psychological morbidity, coping strategies and concerns about illness. RESULTS: Of 277 patients, 34% had pathological scores ("borderline cases" plus "true cases") on HAD-S Anxiety and 24.9% on HAD-S Depression. Total psychiatric "caseness" was 28.5% and 16.6%, according to different HAD cut-offs (14 and 19, respectively). Significant relationships of HAD-S Anxiety, HAD-S Depression, HAD-S Total score, with Mini-MAC Hopeless and Anxious Preoccupation, and CWI score were found. No differences emerged between countries on psychosocial morbidity, while some differences emerged between the countries on coping mechanisms. Furthermore, Fatalism, Avoidance and marginally Hopeless were higher compared to studies carried out in English-speaking countries. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size and the good performance status prevent us to generalize data on patients with different cancer sites and advanced phase of illness. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of the patients presented anxiety and depressive morbidity, with significant differences in characteristics of coping in Mediterranean countries in comparison with English-speaking countries.

Do Spirituality and Faith Make a Difference? Report from the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study Group

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, some attention has been given to spirituality and faith and their role in cancer patients' coping. Few data are available about spirituality among cancer patients in Southern European countries, which have a big tradition of spirituality, namely, the Catholic religion. As part of a more general investigation (Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study--SEPOS), the aim of this study was to examine the effect of spirituality in molding psychosocial implications in Southern European cancer patients. METHOD: A convenience sample of 323 outpatients with a diagnosis of cancer between 6 to 18 months, a good performance status (Karnofsky Performance Status > 80), and no cognitive deficits or central nervous system (CNS) involvement by disease were approached in university and affiliated cancer centers in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Switzerland (Italian speaking area). Each patient was evaluated for spirituality (Visual Analog Scale 0-10), psychological morbidity (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale--HADS), coping strategies (Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer--Mini-MAC) and concerns about illness (Cancer Worries Inventory--CWI). RESULTS. The majority of patients (79.3%) referred to being supported by their spirituality/faith throughout their illness. Significant differences were found between the spirituality and non-spirituality groups (p ≤ 0.01) in terms of education, coping styles, and psychological morbidity. Spirituality was significantly correlated with fighting spirit (r = -0.27), fatalism (r = 0.50), and avoidance (r = 0.23) coping styles and negatively correlated with education (r = -0.25), depression (r = -0.22) and HAD total (r = -0.17). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Spirituality is frequent among Southern European cancer patients with lower education and seems to play some protective role towards psychological morbidity, specifically depression. Further studies should examine this trend in Southern European cancer patients.

Fitas Suburetrais Transobturadoras na Incontinência Urinária de Esforço Feminina. Resultados a Médio Prazo

Introdução: O tratamento cirúrgico mini-invasivo da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina com próteses suburetrais aplicadas por via transobturadora é consensualmente aceite na actualidade. O objectivo deste estudo é avaliar eficácia e segurança das próteses suburetrais transobturadoras a médio prazo, comparando a abordagem outside-in com a inside-out. Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 298 doentes com diagnóstico de incontinência urinária de esforço submetidas entre 2003 e 2006 a cirurgia por via transobturadora. Destas doentes 113 mulheres realizaram a abordagem outside-in e 185 a abordagem insideout. Resultados: A média etária das doentes foi de 57.2 ± 10.3 anos, em que 69.1% se encontravam na menopausa. A paridade média foi de 2.2 ± 1.1. A técnica outside-in foi utilizada com maior frequência em associação com outra(s) cirurgia(s) do pavimento pélvico (83.2% versus 37.8% na técnica inside-out). O tempo médio de follow-up foi de 14.35 ± 13.75 meses nas doentes com prótese aplicada outside-in e de 11.79 ± 10.39 meses no grupo inside-out. Os resultados globais de eficácia obtidos foram idênticos nos dois grupos com taxas de cura e cura ou melhoria, respectivamente, de 76.9% e 92.9% no grupo outside-in e de 82.7% e 93.5% no grupo inside-out (diferença não significativa). A duração média da cirurgia para incontinência urinária de esforço isolada foi significativamente menor no grupo inside-out (14.77 ± 5.37 minutos versus 21.21 ± 7.48 minutos, p < 0.05). No pós-operatório a frequência de incontinência por imperiosidade de novo e de erosões da prótese foi idêntica em ambos as técnicas, contudo as erosões foram mais frequentes nas próteses microporosas do que nas macroporosas (p < 0.05). Discussão e conclusões: As próteses transobturadoras usadas no tratamento da I.U.E. são eficazes e seguras. As taxas de cura e melhoria são elevadas, com diferenças não significativas em função da técnica utilizada. A técnica inside-out associa-se a um significativo menor tempo cirúrgico.

Hopelessness and Related Variables among Cancer Patients in the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study (SEPOS).

BACKGROUND: Although hopelessness has been studied in cancer, no data are available in non-English-speaking countries. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to amass data from Southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland) in order to fill this void. METHOD: A group of 312 cancer patients completed the Mini-MAC Hopelessness subscale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Cancer Worry Inventory (CWI), and a six-item Visual Analog scale (VAS) to measure intensity of physical symptoms, general well-being, difficulty in coping with cancer, intensity of social support from close relationships, leisure activity, and support from religious beliefs. RESULTS: Regression analysis indicated that HADS-Depression, VAS Maladaptive Coping and Well-Being, and the CWI explained 42% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Hopelessness in cancer patients seems not exclusively to correspond to depression, but is related to various other psychosocial factors, such as maladaptive coping, as well.

Tension-Free Vaginal Tape (T.V.T) - Nova e Revolucionária Técnica para o Tratamento Cirúrgico da Incontinência Urinária de Esforço (I.U.E.) Feminina Introduzida na MAC pelo Núcleo de Ginecologia Urológica

Este artigo pretende fazer uma revisão de uma das últimas e inovadoras alternativas cirúrgicas viáveis para a cura da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina, com um sucesso superior a 86%. É uma cirurgia mini invasiva e que induz um suporte da uretra média livre de tensão, muito eficaz. Tem vantagens, poucas complicações, curto tempo operatório e benefícios para a doente no pós-operatório imediato e tardio.

Femoral Approach: an Exceptional Alternative for Permanent Pacemaker Implantation

The classic transvenous implantation of a permanent pacemaker in a pectoral location may be precluded by obstruction of venous access through the superior vena cava or recent infection at the implant site. When these barriers to the procedure are bilateral and there are also contraindications or technical difficulties to performing a thoracotomy for an epicardial approach, the femoral vein, although rarely used, can be a viable alternative. We describe the case of a patient with occlusion of both subclavian veins and a high risk for mini-thoracotomy or videothoracoscopy, who underwent implantation of a permanent single-chamber pacemaker via the right femoral vein.