Incontinentia Pigmenti in the Neonatal Period

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare multisystem disease, X linked dominant disorder. As all X linked dominant diseases, it is usually male-lethal. Female newborn admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit on the fi rst day of life was diagnosed as having probable herpetic infection with vesicular skin lesions distributed on upper right limb and inferior limbs. Family history showed that her 22-year-old mother had hypopigmented lesions on the lower limbs and her 13-month-old sister had hyperpigmented lesions on the trunk and limbs. In newborns, herpes infection emerges as the principal diagnosis of vesicular rash, due to the importance of precocious diagnosis and treatment. Other hypothesis must be considered in a newborn with vesicobullous rash, such as IP.

Prophylactic Use of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Preventing Fungal Infections Early After Liver Transplantation: a Retrospective, Single-Center Study

In this study the authors evaluated the efficacy of prophylaxis with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) in the incidence of fungal infections (FI) during the first 3 months after liver transplant (LT). The study was retrospective and accessed a 4-year period from 2008 to 2011. All patients who died in the first 48 hours after LT were excluded. Patients were divided by the risk groups for FI: Group 1, high-risk (at least 1 of the following conditions: urgent LT; serum creatinine >2 mg/dL; early acute kidney injury [AKI] after LT; retransplantation; surgical exploration early post-LT; transfused cellular blood components [>40 U]); and Group 2, low-risk patients. Group 1 patients were further separated into those who received antifungal prophylaxis with L-AmB and those who did not. Prophylaxis with L-AmB consisted of intravenous administration of L-AmB, 100 mg daily for 14 days. Four hundred ninety-two patients underwent LT; 31 died in the first 48 hours after LT. From the remaining 461 patients, 104 presented with high-risk factors for FI (Group 1); of these, 66 patients received antifungal prophylaxis and 38 did not. In this group 8 FI were observed, 5 in patients without antifungal prophylaxis (P = .011). Three more FI were identified in Group 2. By logistic regression analysis, the categorical variable high-risk group was independently related to the occurrence of invasive FI (P = .006). We conclude that prophylaxis with L-AmB after LT was effective in reducing the incidence of FI. No influence on mortality was detected.

Síndrome de Mauriac: Uma Apresentação Rara de Uma Doença Mais Comum

Introdução: A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença metabólica crónica cuja incidência anual tem vindo a aumentar. Pode cursar com alterações sistémicas, como a hepatomegalia e o atraso de crescimento, decorrentes de controlo glicémico inadequado. Caso clínico: Adolescente de 14 anos com o diagnóstico de DM1 desdeos três anos de idade e com mau controlo glicémico, internada numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos por cetoacidose grave. Do exame objectivo destacavam-se baixa estatura, hepatomegalia não dolorosa e estadio pubertário P1, M2 de Tanner. Analiticamente apresentava aumento das transaminases, hipercolestorolemia e hipertrigliceridemia. Discussão: A síndrome de Mauriac, caracteriza -se por: DM tipo 1 mal controlada, baixa estatura, atraso pubertário, hipercolesterolémia, aumento das transaminases e hepatomegalia por depósito hepático de glicogénio. O mecanismo fi siopatológico não está totalmente esclarecido, sendo provavelmente a combinação de vários factores etiológicos. É uma situação rara, cujo diagnóstico, essencialmente clínico, assume extrema importância dada a reversibilidade do quadro com a optimização terapêutica.