Decreasing Incidence and Changes in Serotype Distribution of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Persons Aged Under 18 Years Since Introduction of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccines in Portugal, July 2008 to June 2012

The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) became available in Portugal in mid-2009 and the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) in early 2010. The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in patients aged under 18 years decreased from 8.19 cases per 100,000 in 2008–09 to 4.52/100,000 in 2011–12. However, IPD incidence due to the serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children aged under two years remained constant. This fall resulted from significant decreases in the number of cases due to: (i) the additional serotypes included in PCV10 and PCV13 (1, 5, 7F; from 37.6% to 20.6%), particularly serotype 1 in older children; and (ii) the additional serotypes included in PCV13 (3, 6A, 19A; from 31.6% to 16.2%), particularly serotype 19A in younger children. The decrease in serotype 19A before vaccination indicates that it was not triggered by PCV13 administration. The decrease of serotype 1 in all groups, concomitant with the introduction of PCV10, is also unlikely to have been triggered by vaccination, although PCVs may have intensified and supported these trends. PCV13 serotypes remain major causes of IPD, accounting for 63.2% of isolates recovered in Portugal in 2011–12, highlighting the potential role of enhanced vaccination in reducing paediatric IPD in Portugal.

Síndromes Auto - Inflamatórias

As síndromes auto-inflamatórias são constituídas por um grupo heterogéneo de patologias isoladas e caracterizadas ao longo dos últimos 15 anos, graças aos avanços marcados no conhecimento do genoma humano e ao desenvolvimento de técnicas laboratoriais que permitiram identificar, de forma segura e reprodutível, os genes responsáveis pelas várias doenças incluídas sob esta designação comum. Em todas estas doenças e síndromes existem episódios recorrentes de febre e inflamação, localizada ou sistémica, sem o envolvimento de agentes infecciosos ou quaisquer tipo de mecanismos auto-imunes. Neste trabalho, além da elaboração de uma classificação possível das síndromes auto-inflamatórias, dedicaremos especial atenção às síndromes periódicas associadas à criopirina (CAPS), que podem constituir importante causa de diagnóstico diferencial com a forma sistémica de artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ), com a qual partilham numerosas características clínicas comuns.