Aleitamento Materno e Infecção ou da Importância do mesmo na sua Prevenção

O leite materno tem propriedades que o tornam único e inimitável. Sob o ponto de vista de prevenção da infecção,o leite de uma mãe é, na generalidade dos casos, o alimento de eleição para o seu filho. É certo que há situações infecciosas que contra indicam o aleitamento materno mas elas são, hoje em dia, bem definidas e limitadas. Por outro lado, os conhecimentos actuais sobre as vantagens do aleitamento materno são tão baseados na ciência e na evidência, que se pode considerar um falhanço dos serviços de saúde ter uma criança não amamentada. Aceitamos que toda a mãe tem o direito de dizer não, mas só se esse, for um “não” esclarecido. O leite materno é um simbiótico, uma fonte natural de lactobacilos e bífidobactérias (pró-bióticos) e uma fonte natural de oligossacáridos (pré-bióticos) que, só por si e independentemente de todas as outras substâncias que o compõem, constituem uma protecção contra doenças infecciosas e não infecciosas em todos os períodos da vida nomeadamente na idade adulta. O recém-nascido pré-termo beneficiará muito se for alimentado com leite materno pelas condições que envolvem o seu nascimento e primeiros tempos de vida mas, muitas vezes, esse beneficio não é utilizado, tendo frequentemente como justificação precisamente esses condicionalismos.

Escleroterapia do Varicocelo da Veia Ovárica: Resultados a Curto e Longo Prazo

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficiency of sclerotherapy in ovarian vein varicocele. Study population: During 6 years, 36 women with the clinical diagnosis of ovarian vein varicocele were evaluated. Methods: The diagnosis was confirmed by flebography of the ovarian vein in 35 of the patients. In these patients sclerotherapy of the ovarian vein was performed with success by selective retrograde catheterization of the ovarian vein by femoral approach in 31 patients and by brachial approach in 4 patients. Four to eight ml of polidocanol l3% was used in each vein. Results: There was clinical improvement with complete resolution of all symptoms in 29 patients(82.9%) and partial symptomatic relief in 6 (17.1%). Long term results, evaluated between 1 and 6 years (mean 37.3 months), showed complete resolution of symptoms in 27 (77.1%) and recurrence in 8 (22.9%). Four patients with recurrence, improved following repeated sclerotherapy. Thus, there was long term improvement in 31 patients (88.6%). Conclusion: Sclerotherapy of ovarian vein appears to be a safe and efficient treatment of ovarian vein varicocele.

First Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence Study in Portugal: RETINODIAB Study-Evaluation of the Screening Programme for Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Portugal, so far, there is no study or even accurate data on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), based on a large representative sample and on a long-term follow-up. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of DR based on a national screening community-based programme. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective analysis of the RETINODIAB screening programme results was implemented in Lisbon and Tagus Valley area between July 2009 and October 2014. We estimated the prevalence of retinopathy for all patients with type 2 diabetes and studied the association between known risk factors and retinopathy emergence at their first screening. RESULTS: Throughout this period, from a total of 103 102 DR readable screening examinations, 52 739 corresponded to patients who attended RETINODIAB screening at entry. Globally, DR was detected in 8584 patients (16.3%). Of these, 5484 patients (10.4%) had mild non-proliferative (NP) DR, 1457 patients (2.8%) had moderate NPDR and 672 (1.3%) had severe NPDR. Finally, 971 patients (1.8%) had proliferative DR requiring urgent referral to an ophthalmologist. The presence of any DR, non-referable DR or referable DR was strongly associated with increasing duration of diabetes and earlier age at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of DR in our study (16.3%) was slightly lower than other published international data. The RETINODIAB network proved to be an effective screening programme as it improved DR screening in Lisbon and Tagus Valley surrounding area