Trousseau's Syndrome Due to Asymptomatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Os autores relatam um caso de Síndrome de Trousseau, manifestado por trombose venosa migratória e embolia pulmonar, num doente de 58 anos assintomático até à data de internamento. O estudo desencadeado revela adenocarcinoma do pâncreas com metástases hepáticas, e a situação torna-se ainda mais grave após a ocorrência de um acidente vascular cerebral isquémico, aparentemente em relação com a paragem por 24 horas da terapêutica anti-coagulante com heparina de baixo peso molecular para realização de biópsia hepática e pancreática guiadas por exame de imagem. A síndrome de Trousseau define-se por tromboses venosas recorrentes ou migratórias, embolias arteriais causadas por endocardite trombótica não-bacteriana, ou ambas, em doentes com neoplasia maligna subjacente. O tratamento implica a administração permanente de heparina, e qualquer interrupção −ainda que breve− pode proporcionar novo episódio de trombose.

Pancreatic Involvement by Plasma Cell Neoplasms

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic involvement by plasma cell neoplasms is an extremely rare event, with only 50 cases described in the literature. They can present as a primary solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma or plasmacytoma secondary to a plasma cell myeloma. Clinical manifestations are due to the presence of a pancreatic mass usually in the pancreas head, which causes extra-biliary obstruction and abdominal pain. METHODS: Abdominal imaging including CT scan or endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration tissue sampling is essential for the initial diagnostic procedure. However, immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsy specimen or flow cytometry of the aspirated material is crucial to prove the monoclonality and the final diagnosis of a plasma cell neoplasm. DISCUSSION: Management of these situations include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery or combined therapy. Novel medications including the immunomodulatory drugs or the proteasome inhibitors followed by consolidation with intensive chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation are nowadays used as upfront treatment in the cases associated to a plasma cell myeloma. CONCLUSION: Despite the rarity, plasma cell neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and pancreatic neoplasms since they are potentially treatable situations.