Antibiotics Utilization Ratio in a Nicu

Introduction: Antibiotics are one of the most common prescribed drugs in the NICU; despite this, studies on its use are scarce. Aim: To assess antibiotics utilization ratio in a medical surgical NICU. Methods: Prospective, observational study. Daily registry of antibiotics given to newborn infants; two periods of two months, 2010; data collected every day after the second medical round. Variables: treated patients, days on antibiotics, treatment/patient days, number of courses, number of antibiotics. Antibiotics utilization ratio – ratio days on antibiotics/days at the NICU. Results: Patients enrolled - 113; admission days – 1722; length of stay - 15.2 days; 85 newborn infants were given antibiotics; days on antibiotics - 771; antibiotics utilization ratio – 44.8; 292 antibiotics were prescribed; 61.8% of patients were given more than two antibiotics and 15.3% had more than one course. The most frequents were gentamicin, cefotaxime, ampicillin, vancomycin and metronidazole. Conclusion: Antibiotics utilization ratio should be subject of audits and a quality criteria on NICUs evaluation.

Taxa de Utilização de Antibióticos numa UCIN

Introdução: Os antibióticos são dos fármacos mais prescritos em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais (UCIN). Apesar disso, os estudos sobre este assunto são escassos. Objectivos: Avaliar a taxa de utilização de antibióticos numa UCIN médico-cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, observacional. Foi realizado o registo diário dos antibióticos efectivamente administrados a todos os recém-nascidos internados, durante dois períodos de 2 meses do ano de 2010. Os dados foram registados todos os dias após a segunda visita diária. Variáveis: número de doentes tratados, dias de antibióticos (AB), dias de tratamento/doente, número de cursos de AB e número de AB por doente. Resultados: Recém-nascidos internados - 113; dias de internamento - 1722; duração do internamento - 15,2 dias; 85 recém-nascidos receberam antibióticos; dias de antibióticos - 771; taxa de utilização de antibióticos - 44,8; 292 antibióticos foram prescritos; 61,8% dos doentes receberam mais de dois antibióticos e 15,3% fizeram mais de um curso. Os mais frequentes foram gentamicina, cefotaxima, ampicilina, vancomicina e metronidazol. Conclusão: A taxa de utilização de antibióticos deve ser objecto de auditorias e considerado critério de qualidade na avaliação das UCINs.

Chronic Calcified Subdural Hematoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Calcified chronic subdural hematoma is a rare but known entity, estimated to represent 0.3-2.7% of chronic subdural hematomas. Although surgical treatment is unanimous for chronic subdural hematomas, therein lies some doubt on it being applied to calcified chronic subdural hematomas. Case Description: We report a case of a 73‑year‑old male, presenting with deterioration of motor function in his right limbs since 18 months, with computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) documenting a large subdural collection of the left hemisphere, with calcified inner membrane, which was successfully and completely removed, with progressive clinical and radiological improvement. Conclusions: We report a case where this type of rare lesion was removed with a progressive and complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms, restoring his previous neurological condition. From the cases described in the literature and our own experience with this case, we think surgical treatment in these patients, when symptomatic, is necessary and viable, frequently resulting in the patient’s improvement.

Efavirenz Concentrations in HIV-Infected Patients With and Without Viral Hepatitis

AIMS: Data on efavirenz in HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected patients is non-consensual, probably due to liver function heterogeneity in the patients included. METHODS: A case control study was performed on 27 HIV-infected patients, with controlled and homogenous markers of hepatic function, either mono-infected or co-infected with HBV/HCV, to ascertain the influence of viral hepatitis on efavirenz concentrations over a 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS: No differences were found in efavirenz concentrations between groups both during and at the end of the follow-up period: control (2.43 +/- 1.91 mg l(-1)) vs. co-infected individuals (2.37 +/- 0.37 mg l(-1)). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that HBV/HCV infections in themselves do not predispose to an overexposure to efavirenz.