Necrose Estriatal Bilateral Aguda Infantil

E descrito o caso cliníco de uma criança de nove anos com um quadro de tetraparésia e encefalopatia aguda após doença infecciosa. A ressonância magnética craneo-encefálica foi compatível com necrose bilateral e simétrica dos núcleos da base, o que associado a evolução clínica nos levou ao diagnóstico de necrose estriatal bilateral aguda infantil.

Unilateral Versus Bilateral Prostatic Arterial Embolization for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Prostate Enlargement

PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare baseline data and clinical outcome between patients with prostate enlargement/benign prostatic hyperplasia (PE/BPH) who underwent unilateral and bilateral prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) for the relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: This single-center, ambispective cohort study compared 122 consecutive patients (mean age 66.7 years) with unilateral versus bilateral PAE from March 2009 to December 2011. Selective PAE was performed with 100- and 200-μm nonspherical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles by a unilateral femoral approach. RESULTS: Bilateral PAE was performed in 103 (84.4 %) patients (group A). The remaining 19 (15.6 %) patients underwent unilateral PAE (group B). Mean follow-up time was 6.7 months in group A and 7.3 months in group B. Mean prostate volume, PSA, International prostate symptom score/quality of life (IPSS/QoL) and post-void residual volume (PVR) reduction, and peak flow rate (Qmax) improvement were 19.4 mL, 1.68 ng/mL, 11.8/2.0 points, 32.9 mL, and 3.9 mL/s in group A and 11.5 mL, 1.98 ng/mL, 8.9/1.4 points, 53.8 mL, and 4.58 mL/s in group B. Poor clinical outcome was observed in 24.3 % of patients from group A and 47.4 % from group B (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: PAE is a safe and effective technique that can induce 48 % improvement in the IPSS score and a prostate volume reduction of 19 %, with good clinical outcome in up to 75 % of treated patients. Bilateral PAE seems to lead to better clinical results; however, up to 50 % of patients after unilateral PAE may have a good clinical outcome.

Fratura Proximal do Fémur Bilateral. Incidência e Fatores de Risco de Fratura Contralateral

Nos doentes com fratura osteoporótica da extremidade proximal do fémur, pouco é conhecido sobre a incidência e fatores de risco de fratura contralateral da extremidade proximal do fémur. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, através de um estudo retrospetivo determinar a incidência e os fatores de risco para fratura bilateral da extremidade proximal do fémur não contemporânea. Foram analisados os processos de 1911 doentes com fratura da extremidade proximal do fémur entre 2003 e 2009. Os dados recolhidos sobre as fraturas, tratamentos e comorbilidades foram trabalhados estatisticamente. Um total de 64 doentes (3,24%) teve fratura bilateral da extremidade proximal do fémur, com uma média de idades acima dos 80 anos. Determinou-se que existe uma relação direta entre o tipo da primeira e segunda fratura (intracapsular vs extraapsular), e que 70% das segundas fraturas ocorrem nos primeiros três anos após fratura. Das comorbilidades verificou-se que a doença de Parkinson, Hipertensão Arterial, doença Cardíaca, Anemia e alterações da Visão representam um risco acrescido para fratura contralateral da extremidade proximal do fémur. Propomos um follow-up mais rigoroso nos primeiros três anos após a primeira fratura e estabelecidas melhores formas de prevenção de fraturas e otimização das comorbilidades nos doentes com fatores de risco.

Non-Progressive Leukoencephalopathy with Bilateral Temporal Cysts

We report two cases of a peculiar leukoencephalopathy with temporal cysts. Both patients have a non-progressive neurological disorder with mental retardation, microcephaly and sensorineural deafness although clinical differences between them may reflect a different aetiology. The metabolic disorders with white matter involvement and the recently described leukoencephalopathies (Van Der Knaap disease, 'vanishing white matter disease') were excluded based on clinical, biologic and imaging findings. Cytomegalovirus infection is a likely possibility in the first case although the magnetic resonance imaging picture is only partially similar to previously reported cases. Our patients are strikingly similar to the patients reported by Deonna et al. and Olivier et al. We discuss the clinical and imaging findings in our patients and the differential diagnosis considering the known disorders of the white matter in childhood.