Ecodoppler Neurovascular em Contexto de Urgência

Em contexto de urgência o Cardiopneumologista desempenha um papel fundamental pela realização de diversos meios complementares de diagnóstico e terapêutica. Entre estes surge o Ecodoppler Neurovascular, técnica ultrassonográfica inócua, não invasiva, de fácil aplicação, que permite a obtenção de um elevado número de achados clínicos, essenciais ao encaminhamento do doente em qualquer contexto clínico. Assim este exame demonstra a sua aplicabilidade essencialmente em pacientes neurocríticos ou outros com suspeita e/ou diagnóstico de Acidente Isquémico Transitório, Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), Hemorragia Subaracnoideia, Anemia das Células Falciformes e Hidrocefalia. Ainda em contexto de urgência o Ecodoppler Neurovascular assume real importância na orientação e tratamento de doentes da Via Verde AVC, uma das principais e preocupantes causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o Mundo. A realização destes exames na prática hospitalar, neste conjunto de patologias, permite uma correcta e precoce orientação terapêutica, com consequente rentabilização de custos e melhorias na qualidade do tratamento. No entanto, é de referir que esta abordagem só é possível de acordo com a existência de equipas multidisciplinares de elevada relevância especialmente em contexto de urgência, local específico de encaminhamento de pacientes urgentes ou não urgentes. A título de conclusão a realização do exame Ecodoppler Neurovascular no Serviço de Urgência traduz um serviço de qualidade, permitindo redireccionar e encaminhar os doentes, adequando as devidas medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas a instituir.

The Photoreceptor Cell-Specific Nuclear Receptor Gene (PNR ) Accounts for Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Crypto-Jews from Portugal (Marranos), Survivors from the Spanish Inquisition

The last Crypto-Jews (Marranos) are the survivors of Spanish Jews who were persecuted in the late fifteenth century, escaped to Portugal and were forced to convert to save their lives. Isolated groups still exist in mountainous areas such as Belmonte in the Beira-Baixa province of Portugal. We report here the genetic study of a highly consanguineous endogamic population of Crypto-Jews of Belmonte affected with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). A genome-wide search for homozygosity allowed us to localize the disease gene to chromosome 15q22-q24 (Zmax=2.95 at θ=0 at the D15S131 locus). Interestingly, the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) gene, the expression of which is restricted to the outer nuclear layer of retinal photoreceptor cells, was found to map to the YAC contig encompassing the disease locus. A search for mutations allowed us to ascribe the RP of Crypto-Jews of Belmonte to a homozygous missense mutation in the PNR gene. Preliminary haplotype studies support the view that this mutation is relatively ancient but probably occurred after the population settled in Belmonte.

Leishmaniose Cutânea Causada por Leishmania Infantum Zimodeme Mon-1 em Portugal

Leishmania infantum zimodeme MON-1 foi isolado a partir de uma lesão cutânea da face de uma criança, residente em Lisboa e que nunca saíu do país. Após biópsia excisional não houve recorrência da lesão. Este é o primeiro caso em que este agente é identificado como responsável pela leishmaniose cutãnea em Portugal.

Tifo Murino em Portugal

Murine typhus or endemic typhus is a wide spread infectious disease, with a low prevalence in developed countries, but surely underdiagnosed. Its relative benignity, the similarity to other infectious diseases and the discretion of its epidemiologic chain, as well as the usual unexpectedness of its existence, makes its diagnosis more difficult. The clinical presentation and evolution of this case illustrate the necessity of being aware of this nosological entity.

Úlceras de Perna em Portugal: um Problema de Saúde Subestimado

To determine the prevalence and aetiology of leg ulceration in a population of patients registered with five health centres within Lisbon, a study was undertaken to identify patients receiving care from community and hospital. Identification of patients was through health professionals, with a simple questionnaire completed for all patients identified who were registered with the five health centres. In 263 patients were identified in a population of 186,000 (total prevalence 1.41/1,000 population). The prevalence was similar between men and women (1.3 and 1.46/1,000, respectively). As expected this was highly age dependent, being most common in patients aged over 80 years (6.5 and 4.9/1,000, respectively). The ulceration was highly chronic in nature, with median ulceration of 18 months. Of the 240 with ulcer duration recorded, 158 (66%) had the present ulcer for longer than one year, and 40 (17%) for longer than five years. The cause of ulceration was unknown to the health professional treating the patient in 86 (33%) of the cases. Of those with a cause, most commonly this was venous (80%) with 10% mixed arterial/venous ulceration and 3% frank arterial disease. Most care was provided by community services, with 145 (55%) treated in health centres and 77 (29%) treated in the patient's home. The mean number of treatments per week was 3.0, with 21 (9%) of patients being seen on a daily basis. Most patients (80%) had seen a specialist doctor for their ulceration, most often a dermatologist (48%) and a vascular surgeon (33%). The prevalence of chronic leg ulceration is similar to other reported studies in western Europe, and indicates that approximately 14,000 patients suffer from leg ulceration at any one time in Portugal. This produces a high burden on both hospital and community services.