Avaliação da Analgesia Após Cesariana

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of post-caesarean analgesia comparing three techniques most frequently used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For three months all pregnant women submitted to elective or urgent caesarean section, under general or regional anaesthesia, were evaluate with a total of 129 parturient. These parturient were divided into three groups with different techniques of postoperative analgesia: Group 1 (n = 26) received intravenous pethidine and paracetamol per os, group 2 (n = 58) received epidural morphine and group 3 (n = 45) epidural morphine and intravenous propacetamol. Pain was assessed at rest and during mobilisation using a scale of 0-without pain, 1-mild pain, 2-moderate pain and 3-severe pain. Overall satisfaction was assessed with a verbal qualitative scale of very good, good, sufficient and bad. Side effects were analysed. RESULTS: The records of pain at rest and during mobilisation were significantly lower with epidural analgesia compared with intravenous pethidine. There were no significant differences between groups 2 and 3. Similar results were observed in the degree of satisfaction. For 50% of parturient of epidural analgesia (groups 2 and 3) and only 4% of intravenous pethidine (group 1) the analgesic technique was very good. Propacetamol and epidural morphine (group 3) had better pain scores (very good and good) when compared with morphine alone (group 2) but there were no significant differences. Epidural morphine was associated with more pruritus. CONCLUSION: From this study we are able to conclude that epidural morphine offers a good quality of analgesia with better satisfaction and minimal side effects.

Analgesia no Trabalho de Parto

Os autores fazem uma breve revisão da literatura sobre os métodos disponíveis para a analgesia durante o trabalho de parto: indicações, contraindicações, complicações e efeitos secundários.

Analgesia e Anestesia Obstétricas na Maternidade do Hospital D. Estefânia: Estudo Retrospectivo

Resumo: Por intermédio deste estudo, pretendeu-se verificar qual a realidade em termos de analgesia e anestesia obstétricas na Maternidade do Hospital D. Estefânia, ao longo de 4 anos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo no período entre Janeiro de 2005 e Dezembro de 2008. Foram avaliados a classificação ASA das parturientes, o número total de partos, o número de parturientes submetidas a técnicas locorregionais e suas complicações, número de cesarianas e a necessidade de conversão de técnica regional para anestesia geral. No período do estudo, houve um total de 8291 partos, maioritariamente em mulheres ASA I, dos quais 2643 foram cesarianas. A maioria das parturientes (77%) foi submetida a uma técnica locorregional, para analgesia de trabalho de parto ou anestesia para cesariana, com baixa taxa de complicações (2,9%) e com rara necessidade de conversão para anestesia geral (3,5%). As autoras concluiram que, na Maternidade do Hospital D. Estefânia, a epidural continua a ser a técnica gold standard para analgesia do trabalho de parto, com raras complicações e permitindo a fácil conversão para anestesia para cesariana.

Effects of Local Anesthetic on the Time Between Analgesic Boluses and the Duration of Labor in Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia: Prospective Study of Two Ultra-Low Dose Regimens of Ropivacaine and Sufentanil

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with low concentrations of anesthetics is effective in reducing labor pain. The aim of this study was to assess and compare two ultra-low dose regimens of ropivacaine and sufentanil (0.1% ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil vs. 0.06% ropivacaine plus 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil) on the intervals between boluses and the duration of labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this non-randomized prospective study, conducted between January and July 2010, two groups of parturients received patient-controlled epidural analgesia: Group I (n = 58; 1 mg.ml-1 ropivacaine + 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil) and Group II (n = 57; 0.6 mg.ml-1 ropivacaine + 0.5 μg.ml-1 sufentanil). Rescue doses of ropivacaine at the concentration of the assigned group without sufentanil were administered as necessary. Pain, local anesthetic requirements, neuraxial blockade characteristics, labor and neonatal outcomes, and maternal satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS: The ropivacaine dose was greater in Group I (9.5 [7.7-12.7] mg.h-1 vs. 6.1 [5.1-9.8 mg.h-1], p < 0.001). A time increase between each bolus was observed in Group I (beta = 32.61 min, 95% CI [25.39; 39.82], p < 0.001), whereas a time decrease was observed in Group II (beta = -1.40 min, 95% CI [-2.44; -0.36], p = 0.009). The duration of the second stage of labor in Group I was significantly longer than that in Group II (78 min vs. 65 min, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Parturients receiving 0.06% ropivacaine exhibited less evidence of cumulative effects and exhibited faster second stage progression than those who received 0.1% ropivacaine.