Síndrome de Hipersensibilidade aos Antiepiléticos na Criança

A Síndrome de Hipersensibilidade aos Antiepilépticos, ou DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms), é uma doença multissistémica rara, potencialmente fatal, que ocorre após exposição a antiepilépticos, principalmente aromáticos. A sintomatologia inclui a tríade clássica de febre, exantema e envolvimento de órgãos internos, 1-12 semanas após início da terapêutica. Descreve-se o caso clínico de criança medicada com valproato de sódio por epilepsia, que quatro semanas após início de fenobarbital surge com febre e exantema maculopapular generalizado. Analiticamente destacava-se leucocitose, eosinofilia, proteína C reactiva elevada e alterações das provas hepáticas. Por suspeita de toxidermia suspendeu fenobarbital, com remissão lenta da sintomatologia. O diagnóstico desta síndrome nem sempre é evidente, podendo ser confundido com doenças infecciosas, imunológicas e neoplásicas, mas deve ser excluído na presença da clínica característica e história de exposição aos fármacos.

Serum Trace Elements in Dysphagic Gastrostomy Candidates Before Endoscopic Gastrostomy for Long Term Enteral Feeding

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients who underwent endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) present protein-energy malnutrition, but little is known about Trace Elements (TE), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr). Our aim was the evaluation of serum TE in patients who underwent PEG and its relationship with serum proteins, BMI and nature of underlying disorder. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed collecting: patient's age, gender, underlying disorder, NRS-2002, BMI, serum albumin, transferrin and TE concentration. We used ferrozine colorimetric method for Fe; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy for Zn/Cu; Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Se/Cr. The patients were divided into head and neck cancer (HNC) and neurological dysphagia (ND). RESULTS: 146 patients (89 males), 21-95 years: HNC-56; ND-90. Low BMI in 78. Low values mostly for Zn (n = 122) and Fe (n = 69), but less for Se (n = 31), Cu (n = 16), Cr (n = 7); low albumin in 77, low transferrin in 94 and 66 with both proteins low. Significant differences between the groups of underlying disease only for Zn (t140.326 = -2,642, p < 0.01) and a correlation between proteins and TE respectively albumin and Zn (r = 0.197, p = 0.025), and albumin and Fe (r = 0.415, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: When gastrostomy was performed, patients display low serum TE namely Zn, but also Fe, less striking regarding others TE. It was related with prolonged fasting, whatever the underlying disease. Low proteins were associated with low TE. Teams taking care of PEG-patients should use Zn supplementation and include other TE evaluation as part of the nutritional assessment of PEG candidates.