32 resultados para 7-61
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OBJECTIVE: to characterize and to assess in terms of severity the surgical and trauma patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: retrospective study base on clinical records and the ICU computerized database. SETTING: the medical ICU of a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: of the 2468 patients admitted to the ICU in 1989, 289 (11.7%) were surgical or trauma ones. The more frequent reasons for admission were: the need for mechanical ventilation, metabolic problems, and depression of consciousness. Of these 289 patients, 48.1% required mechanical ventilation, 14.9 hemodialysis; 4.8% had a pulmonary artery catheter inserted. Mean APACHE II, TISS and MOF scores were high (20.09 +/- 9.29, 24.17 +/- 11.45 and 5.4 +/- 3.59); they were determined in 79.2, 88.2 and 43.9% of patients respectively. Both APACHE and TISS scores were correlated with mortality. When compared with medical patients, surgical/trauma ones although younger (52.9 +/- 20.7 years versus 55.9 +/- 20.2, p = 0.00152), had a longer mean stay in the ICU (7.63 +/- 12.7 days v. 3.64 +/- 7.61, p = 0.0001), and a higher mortality (also in the ICU) (28.7 v. 16.7, p = 0.0005. COMMENTS: these are seriously ill patients, who are frequently referred to the ICU in late stages of clinical evolution. We propose they should be closely followed, from the earliest possible stage, by medical-surgical teams, in order to benefit from a multidisciplinary approach.
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INTRODUCTION: Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of diabetes, hypertension, coronary disease, left ventricular dysfunction, stroke and cardiac arrhythmias. Paradoxically, previous studies in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty showed a reduction in hospital and long-term mortality in obese patients. The relation with body mass index (BMI) has been less studied in the context of primary angioplasty. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of obesity on the results of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty. METHODS: This was a study of 464 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty, 78% male, mean age 61 +/- 13 years. We assessed in-hospital, 30-day and one-year mortality according to BMI. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal--18-24.9 kg/m2 (n = 171); overweight--25-29.9 kg/m2 (n = 204); and obese-- > 30 kg/m2 (n = 89). RESULTS: Obese patients were younger (ANOVA, p < 0.001) and more frequently male (p = 0.014), with more hypertension (p = 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.006). There were no differences in the prevalence of diabetes, previous cardiac history, heart failure on admission, anterior location, multivessel disease, peak total CK or medication prescribed, except that obese patients received more beta-blockers (p = 0.049). In-hospital mortality was 9.9% for patients with normal BMI, 3.4% for overweight patients and 6.7% for obese patients (p = 0.038). Mortality at 30 days was 11 4.4% and 7.8% (p = 0.032) and at one year 12.9%, 4.9% and 9% (p = 0.023), respectively. On univariate analysis, overweight was the only BMI category with a protective effect; however, after multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding variables, none of the BMI categories could independently predict outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight patients had a better prognosis after primary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction compared with other BMI categories, but this was dependent on other potentially confounding variables.
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INTRODUCTION: Adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may be at risk for progressive right ventricular (RV) dilatation and dysfunction, which is commonly associated with arrhythmic events. In frequently volume-overloaded patients with congenital heart disease, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is particularly useful for assessing RV function. However, it is not known whether RV TDI can predict outcome in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether RV TDI parameters are associated with supraventricular arrhythmic events in adults with repaired TOF. METHODS: We studied 40 consecutive patients with repaired TOF (mean age 35 +/- 11 years, 62% male) referred for routine echocardiographic exam between 2007 and 2008. The following echocardiographic measurements were obtained: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-systolic volume, LV end-diastolic volume, RV fractional area change, RV end-systolic area, RV end-diastolic area, left and right atrial volumes, mitral E and A velocities, RV myocardial performance index (Tei index), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial isovolumic acceleration (IVA), pulmonary regurgitation color flow area, TDI basal lateral, septal and RV lateral peak diastolic and systolic annular velocities (E' 1, A' 1, S' 1, E' s, A' s, S' s, E' rv, A' rv, S' rv), strain, strain rate and tissue tracking of the same segments. QRS duration on resting ECG, total duration of Bruce treadmill exercise stress test and presence of exercise-induced arrhythmias were also analyzed. The patients were subsequently divided into two groups: Group 1--12 patients with previous documented supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial tachycardia, fibrillation or flutter) and Group 2 (control group)--28 patients with no previous arrhythmic events. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to assess the statistical association between the studied parameters and arrhythmic events. RESULTS: Patients with previous events were older (41 +/- 14 vs. 31 +/- 6 years, p = 0.005), had wider QRS (173 +/- 20 vs. 140 +/- 32 ms, p = 0.01) and lower maximum heart rate on treadmill stress testing (69 +/- 35 vs. 92 +/- 9%, p = 0.03). All patients were in NYHA class I or II. Clinical characteristics including age at corrective surgery, previous palliative surgery and residual defects did not differ significantly between the two groups. Left and right cardiac chamber dimensions and ventricular and valvular function as evaluated by conventional Doppler parameters were also not significantly different. Right ventricular strain and strain rate were similar between the groups. However, right ventricular myocardial TDI systolic (Sa: 5.4+2 vs. 8.5 +/- 3, p = 0.004) and diastolic indices and velocities (Ea, Aa, septal E/Ea, and RV free wall tissue tracking) were significantly reduced in patients with arrhythmias compared to the control group. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified RV early diastolic velocity as the sole variable independently associated with arrhythmic history (RV Ea: 4.5 +/- 1 vs. 6.7 +/- 2 cm/s, p = 0.01). A cut-off for RV Ea of < 6.1 cm/s identified patients in the arrhythmic group with 86% sensitivity and 59% specificity (AUC = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that TDI may detect RV dysfunction in patients with apparently normal function as assessed by conventional echocardiographic parameters. Reduction in RV early diastolic velocity appears to be an early abnormality and is associated with occurrence of arrhythmic events. TDI may be useful in risk stratification of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.
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INTRODUCTION: Primary angioplasty is accepted as the preferred treatment for acute myocardial infarction in the first 12 hours. However, outcomes depend to a large extent on the volume of activity and experience of the center. Continuous monitoring of methods and results obtained is therefore crucial to quality control. OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic, clinical and angiographic characteristics as well as in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing primary PCI in a high-volume Portuguese center. We also aimed to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality in this population. METHODS: This was a retrospective registry of consecutive primary PCIs performed at Santa Marta Hospital between January 2001 and August 2007. Demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were analyzed. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1157 patients were identified, mean age 61+/-12 years, 76% male. Mean pain-to-balloon time was 7.6 hours and primary angiographic success was 88%. Overall in-hospital mortality was 6.9%, or 5.5% if patients presenting in cardiogenic shock were excluded from the analysis. Previous history of heart failure, cardiogenic shock on admission, invasive ventilatory support, major hemorrhage, and age over 75 years were found to be associated with increased risk of in-hospital death. Conclusions: In this center primary PCI is effective and safe. Angiographic success rates and in-hospital mortality and morbidity are similar to other international registries. Patients at increased risk for adverse outcome can be identified by simple clinical characteristics such as advanced age, cardiogenic shock on admission, mechanical ventilation and major hemorrhage during hospitalization.
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Introdução: O Pterígio é uma patologia frequente e o seu tratamento cirúrgico é consensualmente aceite. Diferentes opções cirúrgicas e variantes estão descritas: enquanto alguns métodos caíram em desuso pela sua elevada taxa de recidiva, outros foram abandonadas pelos seus custos e complicações associados. A realização de autotransplante conjuntival tornou-se a técnica de eleição e o recurso a cola biológica tornou o procedimento mais fácil e rápido. Apresentamos a nossa experiência com esta técnica e reportamos as vantagens da utilização de cola biológica num estudo prospectivo a 5 anos. Material e métodos: 101 casos de 92 doentes com pterígio primário foram submetidos a autotransplante conjuntival (e limbar se área limbar envolvida superior a 6mm) com recurso a cola biológica de fibrina (Tissucol® / Tisseellyo®) - 94 casos, ou polímero de polietileno glicol (PEG; Ocuseal®) - 7 casos. Objectivo: primário- determinar a taxa de recidiva por tempo de tratamento. Secundários- identificar perda de retalho, retracção conjuntival, complicações cirúrgicas e reacções adversas ao uso de cola biológica. Resultados: A taxa de recidiva foi de 6% (4% no primeiro ano pós-cirurgia). A taxa de perda de retalho foi de 2%, de retracção conjuntival de 17%. Não se observaram complicações cirúrgicas graves nem reacções adversas ao uso de cola biológica. Num caso verificou-se hemorragia conjuntival. Conclusões: A cirurgia de pterígio com autotransplante conjuntival e uso de cola biológica é um procedimento seguro, eficaz e com baixa taxa de recidiva.
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OBJECTIVE: Since most centers' experience with Ebstein anomaly is limited, we sought to analyze the collective experience of participating institutions of the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association with surgery for this rare malformation. METHODS: The records of all 150 patients (median age 6.4 years) who underwent surgery for Ebstein anomaly in the 13 participating Association centers between January 1992 and January 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with congenitally corrected transposition were excluded. RESULTS: Most patients (81%) had Ebstein disease type B or C and significant functional impairment (61% in New York Heart Association class III or IV) and 16% had prior operations. Surgical procedures (n = 179) included valve replacement (n = 60, 33.5%), valve repair (n = 49, 27.3%), 1(1/2) ventricle repair (n = 46, 25.6%), palliative shunt (n = 13, 7.26%), and other complex procedures (n = 11, 6.14%). There were 20 hospital deaths (operative mortality 13.3%) after valve replacement in 5 patients, valve repair in 3, 1(1/2) ventricle repair in 7, palliative procedures in 3, and miscellaneous procedures in 2. Younger age and palliative procedures were univariate risk factors for operative death, but only age was an independent predictor on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients coming to surgery presented in childhood and were significantly symptomatic. More than half underwent valve replacement or repair, but a considerable proportion had severe disease necessitating 1(1/2) ventricle repair or palliative procedures. Operative mortality did not differ significantly among repair, replacement, and 1(1/2) ventricle repair but was associated with palliative procedures for severe disease early in life, young age being the only independent predictor of operative death.
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INTRODUCTION: A growing body of evidence shows the prognostic value of oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) parameter derived from the logarithmic relationship between O(2) consumption (VO(2)) and minute ventilation (VE) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of a new CPET parameter - peak oxygen uptake efficiency (POUE) - and to compare it with OUES in patients with CHF. METHODS: We prospectively studied 206 consecutive patients with stable CHF due to dilated cardiomyopathy - 153 male, aged 53.3±13.0 years, 35.4% of ischemic etiology, left ventricular ejection fraction 27.7±8.0%, 81.1% in sinus rhythm, 97.1% receiving ACE-Is or ARBs, 78.2% beta-blockers and 60.2% spironolactone - who performed a first maximal symptom-limited treadmill CPET, using the modified Bruce protocol. In 33% of patients an cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy device (CRT-D) was implanted during follow-up. Peak VO(2), percentage of predicted peak VO(2), VE/VCO(2) slope, OUES and POUE were analyzed. OUES was calculated using the formula VO(2) (l/min) = OUES (log(10)VE) + b. POUE was calculated as pVO(2) (l/min) / log(10)peakVE (l/min). Correlation coefficients between the studied parameters were obtained. The prognosis of each variable adjusted for age was evaluated through Cox proportional hazard models and R2 percent (R2%) and V index (V6) were used as measures of the predictive accuracy of events of each of these variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from logistic regression models were used to determine the cut-offs for OUES and POUE. RESULTS: pVO(2): 20.5±5.9; percentage of predicted peak VO(2): 68.6±18.2; VE/VCO(2) slope: 30.6±8.3; OUES: 1.85±0.61; POUE: 0.88±0.27. During a mean follow-up of 33.1±14.8 months, 45 (21.8%) patients died, 10 (4.9%) underwent urgent heart transplantation and in three patients (1.5%) a left ventricular assist device was implanted. All variables proved to be independent predictors of this combined event; however, VE/VCO2 slope was most strongly associated with events (HR 11.14). In this population, POUE was associated with a higher risk of events than OUES (HR 9.61 vs. 7.01), and was also a better predictor of events (R2: 28.91 vs. 22.37). CONCLUSION: POUE was more strongly associated with death, urgent heart transplantation and implantation of a left ventricular assist device and proved to be a better predictor of events than OUES. These results suggest that this new parameter can increase the prognostic value of CPET in patients with CHF.
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PURPOSE: 1. Identify differences in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as an indirect measure of intracranial pressure (ICP) in glaucoma patients and a healthy population. 2. Identify variables that may correlate with ONSD in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. METHODS: Patients with NTG (n = 46) and POAG (n = 61), and healthy controls (n = 42) underwent B-scan ultrasound measurement of ONSD by an observer masked to the patient diagnosis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all groups, with additional central corneal thickness (CCT) and visual field defect measurements in glaucomatous patients. Only one eye per patient was selected. Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney were used to compare the different variables between the diagnostic groups. Spearman correlations were used to explore relationships among these variables. RESULTS: ONSD was not significantly different between healthy, NTG and POAG patients (6.09 ± 0.78, 6.03 ± 0.69, and 5.71 ± 0.83 respectively; p = 0.08). Visual field damage and CCT were not correlated with ONSD in either of the glaucoma groups (POAG, p = 0.31 and 0.44; NTG, p = 0.48 and 0.90 respectively). However, ONSD did correlate with IOP in NTG patients (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), while it did not in POAG patients and healthy controls (p = 0.86, p = 0.46 respectively). Patient's age did not relate to ONSD in any of the groups (p > 0.25 in all groups). CONCLUSIONS: Indirect measurements of ICP by ultrasound assessment of the ONSD may provide further insights into the retrolaminar pressure component in glaucoma. The correlation of ONSD with IOP solely in NTG patients suggests that the translaminar pressure gradient may be of particular importance in this type of glaucoma.
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The authors analyzed 704 transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examinations, performed routinely to all admitted patients to a general 16-bed Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during an 18-month period. Data acquisition and prevalence of abnormalities of cardiac structures and function were assessed, as well as the new, previously unknown severe diagnoses. A TTE was performed within the first 24 h of admission on 704 consecutive patients, with a mean age of 61.5+/-17.5 years, ICU stay of 10.6+/-17.1 days, APACHE II 22.6+/-8.9, and SAPS II 52.7+/-20.4. In four patients, TTE could not be performed. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions were quantified in 689 (97.8%) patients, and LV function in 670 (95.2%) patients. Cardiac output (CO) was determined in 610 (86.7%), and mitral E/A in 399 (85.9% of patients in sinus rhythm). Echocardiographic abnormalities were detected in 234 (33%) patients, the most common being left atrial (LA) enlargement (n=163), and LV dysfunction (n=132). Patients with these alterations were older (66+/-16.5 vs 58.1+/-17.4, p<0.001), presented a higher APACHE II score (24.4+/-8.7 vs 21.1+/-8.9, p<0.001), and had a higher mortality rate (40.1% vs 25.4%, p<0.001). Severe, previously unknown echocardiographic diagnoses were detected in 53 (7.5%) patients; the most frequent condition was severe LV dysfunction. Through a multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was determined that mortality was affected by tricuspid regurgitation (p=0.016, CI 1.007-1.016) and ICU stay (p<0.001, CI 1-1.019). We conclude that TTE can detect most cardiac structures in a general ICU. One-third of the patients studied presented cardiac structural or functional alterations and 7.5% severe previously unknown diagnoses.
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As fracturas-avulsão da tuberosidade anterior da tibia (TAT) são raras no doente esqueleticamente imaturo. A prevalência de doença de Osgood-Schlatter prévia à fractura é variável de estudo para estudo, parecendo haver apenas uma correlação associativa e não causal. Os autores apresentam a revisão de 7 adolescentes com fracturas/avulsão da TAT tratados cirurgicamente. São abordados os aspectos relativos à classificação, tratamento, complicações, resultados funcionais e radiológicos das referidas fracturas assim como a sua relação com a doença de Osgood-Schlatter.
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O parto pré-termo (PPT) é a causa mais frequente de morbilidade e mortalidade perinatal nos países desenvolvidos, onde 6% a 7% dos partos são partos prematuros. Os PPT espontâneos e associados ou não a rotura prematura de membranas, têm uma etiologia multifactorial. A prevenção do PPT é a melhor forma de diminuir a morbilidade neonatal por prematuridade. Pretendeu-se identificar a causa de PPT das grávidas internadas com o diagnóstico de ameaça de PPT durante o ano 2002 na Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, determinar a eficácia da terapêutica efectuadas e avaliar a morbilidade neonatal. Foram analisados os antecedentes pessoais, o factor infeccioso e o factor uterino. Para determinar a eficácia terapêutica foi analisada a tocólise, a antibioterapia e a corticoterapia para maturação fetal, efectuadas durante o internamento. Em 87,5% dos casos internados por contractilidade aumentada e em 61,1% dos casos internados por RPM foi identificado pelo menos um factor etiológico, o factor infeccioso foi responsável por 42,5% e 27,7% dos casos respectivamente. As mulheres internadas por RPM tiveram maior probabilidade de ter um parto prematuro, quando comparadas com aquelas internadas por contractilidade aumentada. Não foi possível estabelecer qualquer relação entre a presença dos factores de risco, a antibioterapia efectuada e a ocorrência de PPT. As escassas complicações major relacionadas com a prematuridade foram independentes do uso de corticoterapia. A APPT é um desafio clínico e epidemiológico pela dificuldade em definir as grávidas com esta condição e, portanto, em decidir quais as que devem beneficiar de medidas de suporte (tratamento e/ou internamento). É fundamental que sejam identificados grupos de risco, para que se possam estabelecer programas de vigilância adequados para prevenção e tratamento precoce do PPT.
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Introdução: Durante um internamento podem ser necessários procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, e as crianças e os pais contactam com vários profissionais de saúde. Será que as informações fornecidas pelos médicos são suficientes e claras? Objectivos: Avaliar a opinião dos pais relativamente às informações fornecidas pelos médicos e a influência que podem ter factores socioeconómicos e culturais na compreensão destas informações. Métodos: Recolheram-se dados demográficos e avaliou-se o grau de conhecimento sobre o diagnóstico, exames e tratamentos, data da alta, nome do médico assistente e opinião quanto à clareza e frequência das informações. Resultados: Considerámos 300 entrevistas. A maioria dos pais tinha uma correcta percepção sobre o diagnóstico(74,8%), tratamento (70,3%) e exames realizados (78,0%), mas apenas 18,7% sabiam a data provável da alta. Em 65,0% dos casos as informações tinham sido fornecidas pelo médico responsável e a maioria considerou a informação clara(87,0%) e suficiente (81,0%). Em serviços de Cirurgia registou-se uma melhor informação relativamente ao diagnóstico (80,4% vs 69,9%, p=0,042) e nome do médico responsável (70,6% vs 55,5%, p=0,008). Os entrevistados com maior escolaridade conheciam melhor o médico (70,4% vs 56,6%, p=0,016) e os tratamentos efectuados às crianças (79,6% vs 69,8%, p<0,001). Os pais de nacionalidade portuguesa e de meio socioeconómico mais elevado conheciam melhor o diagnóstico (79,7% vs 61,8%, p=0,004), (80,7% vs 65,7%, p=0,007) e tratamento (76,3% vs 50,0%, p<0,001), (81,3% vs 49,0%, p=<0,001). Adicionalmente, o grupo socialmente mais diferenciado conhecia melhor o médico responsável (55,9% vs 67,7%, p=0,050). Quando as informações eram transmitidas pelo médico responsável os entrevistados consideravam-nas mais claras (92,3% vs 81,1%, p=0,001) e suficientes (89,7% vs 64,2%, p<0,001).Conclusão: Este estudo identifica a importância do médico assistente na comunicação com os pais das crianças e a necessidade de adequar a informação ao nível sociocultural da família ao longo do internamento.
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A autora aborda e reflecte as principais correntes teóricas da bioética que presidem às difíceis escolhas e decisões numa unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Para isso recorreu a um questionário estruturado, da sua autoria, incidindo sobre os quais se colocavam questões éticas. O questionário constava de trinta e seis perguntas e cinco casos clínicos sobre os quais se colocavem questões éticas. No período decorrido entre 2002 e 2003 o questionário foi enviado aos responsáveis das unidades de cuidados intensivos pediátricos e unidades mistas (pediátricas e neonatais) do país. Colaboraram seis das nove unidades contactadas e responderam trinta e nove pediatras intensivistas (66%) num universo de cinquenta e nove potenciais respondentes. A maioria (89,7%) assumiu decisões de limitação terapêutica e 64,1% foram responsáveis por ordens de não reanimação (DNR). Foram considerados factores importantes na decisão de DNR a presença de doença crónica (61,5%), a reduzida probabilidade de sobrevivência (64,1%) e a qualidade de vida na óptica da criança (82%).
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A sibilância recorrente na infância é uma entidade clínica prevalente e heterogénea do pontode vista da história natural e do prognóstico. Efectuou-se um estudo prospectivo com 8 anos de duração, com o objectivo de relacionar a evolução clínica da sibilância recorrente nos primeiros anos de vida, com factores de prognóstico associados com a persistência da sintomatologia. Uma coorte de 308 crianças com sibilância recorrente, com idade ≤6 anos, foi incluída no estudo em 1993. Foi aplicado um questionário clínico, realizados testes cutâneos por prick e efectuado doseamento sérico de IgE total. Em 1996 procedeu-se a uma primeira reavaliação sistemática destas crianças. Em 2001 foi efectuada nova reavaliação sistemática, possível em 81% destas crianças (n=249), com repetição dos testes cutâneos e realização de avaliação funcional respiratória,em período intercrise, com espirometria com prova de broncodilatação (BD). As crianças reavaliadas apresentavam média etária de 11 anos (8-14 anos) e relação sexo M/F de 1.7/1. Permaneciam sintomáticas em 61% dos casos. A prevalência de atopia foi de 48% em 1993, 65% em 1996 e 75% em 2001. Pela realização de um modelo de regressão logística múltiplo foram identificados como factores de risco para asma activa em idade escolar: história pessoal de rinite alérgica (OR=15.8, IC95%=6.1-40.8; p<0.001), asma paterna (OR=7.2, IC95%=1.7-29.7; p=0.007), história pessoal de eczema atópico (OR=5.9, IC95%=2.2-15.7; p<0.001), asma materna (OR=5.4, IC95%=1.7-17.1; p=0.004), evidência de sensibilização alergénica (OR=3.4, IC95%=1.2-10.4;p=0.03) e início dos sintomas ≥2 anos de idade (OR=2.1, IC95%=1.1-4.8; p=0.04); a frequência de infantário antes dos 12 meses de idade foi identificada como factor protector (OR=0.4, IC95%=0.2- 0.9; p=0.04). Desenvolveram sensibilização alergénica de novo (ácaros do pó >80%) 66 das 128 crianças não atópicas em 1993 (52%). Apresentavam obstrução brônquica 36% das crianças: 47% das sintomáticas e 18% das assintomáticas (p<0.001). A prova de BD foi positiva em 35%: 47% nos sintomáticos e 13% nos assintomáticos (p<0.001). Concluindo, foram identificados como factores de mau prognóstico, antecedentes pessoais de doença alérgica, história parental de asma, presença de sensibilização alergénica e início dos sintomas na segunda infância. Os sintomas clínicos podem preceder em anos a sensibilização alergénica, realçando a importância da instituição precoce de medidas de controlo ambiental. Alterações nas provas funcionais respiratórias, mais frequentes nas asmas activas, estavam também presentes em crianças actualmente sem clínica, reforçando a necessidade de valorizar marcadores objectivos nesta cada vez mais prevalente doença respiratória crónica.
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Introdução: O aumento da aurícula esquerda (AE) é um marcador de mortalidade na população geral. Os doentes com miocardiopatia dilatada (MCD) têm um amplo espetro de tamanhos deAE, mas a importância clínica desta observação tem sido pouco estudada. Objectivo: Avaliar a importância prognóstica a longo prazo do volume da AE (VAE) em doentes com MCD. Métodos: Estudo prospetivo de doentes admitidos durante o ano de 2004 com o diagnóstico deMCD, em ritmo sinusal. Foi realizado estudo ecocardiográfico completo em repouso e após stress farmacológico. O endpoint composto considerou a assistência ventricular mecânica (AVM), a transplantação cardíaca ou a morte. Resultados: Foram incluídos 35 doentes (68,6% sexo masculino, idade média 52,0), 82,9% etiologia não isquémica. Fração ejeção em repouso 31,1 ± 9,4%.Durante o seguimento, oito doentes morreram, um foi colocado em AVM e um foi transplantado. A análise de Cox univariável revelou potenciais marcadores ecocardiográficos de prognóstico na amostra tais como a dimensão da AE em modo M (HR-1,12; IC: 0,99-1,26;p = 0,067); VAE (HR-1,02; IC: 1,00-1,04; p = 0,046); VAE ajustado à superfície corporal (HR-1,03;IC: 1,00-1,07; p = 0,049); E/A (HR-0,99; IC: 0,99-1,81; p = 0,060); E/A > 2 (HR-7,00; IC:1,48-32,43; p = 0,014) e E/E’ mitral (HR-1,04; IC: 1,00-1,09; p = 0,074). Na análise multivariável a única variável que permaneceu no modelo foi o VAE com o ponto de corte de 63 ml (HR-7,7, IC:0,97-60,61, p = 0,05).Conclusão: Nesta amostra, o VAE foi o único parâmetro ecocardiográfico determinante de AVM,transplantação cardíaca ou morte. Os parâmetros ecocardiográficos habitualmente utilizadospara estratificação de risco, tais como a fração ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, a dimensão do ventrículo esquerdo e a reserva contrátil não tiveram valor prognóstico na nossa amostra.