Tuberculose Infantil em Portugal

Dos números recentemente publicados pela Direcção Geral da Saúde / Núcleo de Tuberculose e Doenças Respiratórias relativos aos anos de 1992 e 1993 e pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística relativos a 1994, conclui-se que os casos de Tuberculose (TB) notificados pouco têm decrescido nos últimos 15 anos: descida média anual de 6,3% para os casos em geral e 14% para os menores de 15 anos; a taxa global de incidência apurada em 1994 voltou a subir — 51,1 (52,4 no Continente). Para o autor a melhoria das taxas de incidência de TB infantil, sobretudo até 1991/1992, ficou a dever-se aos melhores cuidados na assistência materno-infantil, com uma maior cobertura pediátrica e obstétrica por todo o País, e à vacinação generalizada dos recém-nascidos com o BCG. Esta cobertura não ia além de 40% em 1975, atingiu os 75% em 1985 e chegou aos 91% em 1993. Esta evolução de TB infantil não deve dar lugar a nenhum optimismo porque a TB infantil depende inteiramente das taxas de TB do adulto e se estas não melhorarem, o paralelismo vai reaparecer para continuar. As medidas positivas que permitiram a significativa melhoria das taxas de incidência da TB infantil até 1991/1992 estão esgotadas se, no combate à TB do adulto, medidas urgentes não forem tomadas a curto prazo.

Intravenous Busulfan for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Survey of 952 Patients on Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Oral busulfan is the historical backbone of the busulfan+cyclophosphamide regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation. However intravenous busulfan has more predictable pharmacokinetics and less toxicity than oral busulfan; we, therefore, retrospectively analyzed data from 952 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received intravenous busulfan for autologous stem cell transplantation. Most patients were male (n=531, 56%), and the median age at transplantation was 50.5 years. Two-year overall survival, leukemia-free survival, and relapse incidence were 67±2%, 53±2%, and 40±2%, respectively. The non-relapse mortality rate at 2 years was 7±1%. Five patients died from veno-occlusive disease. Overall leukemia-free survival and relapse incidence at 2 years did not differ significantly between the 815 patients transplanted in first complete remission (52±2% and 40±2%, respectively) and the 137 patients transplanted in second complete remission (58±5% and 35±5%, respectively). Cytogenetic risk classification and age were significant prognostic factors: the 2-year leukemia-free survival was 63±4% in patients with good risk cytogenetics, 52±3% in those with intermediate risk cytogenetics, and 37 ± 10% in those with poor risk cytogenetics (P=0.01); patients ≤50 years old had better overall survival (77±2% versus 56±3%; P<0.001), leukemia-free survival (61±3% versus 45±3%; P<0.001), relapse incidence (35±2% versus 45±3%; P<0.005), and non-relapse mortality (4±1% versus 10±2%; P<0.001) than older patients. The combination of intravenous busulfan and high-dose melphalan was associated with the best overall survival (75±4%). Our results suggest that the use of intravenous busulfan simplifies the autograft procedure and confirm the usefulness of autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia. As in allogeneic transplantation, veno-occlusive disease is an uncommon complication after an autograft using intravenous busulfan.