Anéis de Ferrara: - 4 Anos Depois

Os anéis intraestromais, nomeadamente o anel de Ferrara, constitui uma importante opção terapêutica das doenças ectásicas da córnea, de origem não inflamatória como o Queratocone. Os autores analisaram os primeiros 30 casos operados no Serviço de Oftalmologia do CHLC relativamente à eficácia, estabilidade e segurança deste procedimento ao longo dos 4 anos. Verificaram estabilidade refractiva, diminuição queratométrica e do equivalente esférico e boa tolerância ao material implantado. Os autores concluem que esta opção terapêutica para o queratocone é segura, reversível, com resultados estáveis que permitem adiar ou evitar a queratoplastia.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis. A Report of 4 Cases Occurring in One Family

We describe slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 4 members of a black, obese family, who were all first-degree relatives. The aetiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis is unknown, although it is thought to be multifactorial. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors have been associated with the condition. A familial incidence with at least two cases in the same family has been reported. In epidemiological studies, this incidence ranges from 3% to 35%. Our cases were investigated in an attempt to find a possible aetiological genetic factor. A genetic predisposition with an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission is suggested, although environmental variables must be considered as provocative factors.

Restrição do Crescimento Fetal - Casuística de 4 Anos

Overview and aims: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 15% of pregnancies and is associated with both increased perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and long-term effects in adult life. Our aim was to describe cases and outcomes of FGR from a tertiary perinatal care centre and identify the predictors of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Study design: retrospective cohort. Population: pregnancies with early or late FGR caused by placental factors followed from 2006 to 2009 in a tertiary perinatal care centre. Methods: we collected data from clinical records on demographics, clinical history and fetal ultrasound parameters. Perinatal and neonatal outcomes were stratiied according to gestational age (above or below 28 weeks) and we used bivariate analysis to identify any associations with clinical and imaging indings. Results: we included 246 pregnancies; hypertension was the most prevalent maternal risk factor (16%). There were 15 cases of early FGR, 11 of which had cesarean delivery due to deterioration of fetal Doppler parameters. Outcomes in this group included one fetal and three neonatal deaths. Of 231 cases of late FGR, 64% were delivered early given a non-reassuring fetal status i.e. due to changes in Doppler evaluation or altered Manning biophysical proile. There were four cases of perinatal death in this group, three of which delivered at 28 weeks. Neonatal morbidity was associated with lower gestational age, lower birthweight and progressive placental dysfunction (p<0.01). Conclusion: there was an association between neonatal morbidity and gestational age, birthweight and Doppler deterioration, particularly for deliveries below 28 weeks. The assessment of vascular changes through Doppler analysis allows anticipation of fetal deterioration and is a helpful tool in deciding the optimum timing of delivery.

Effect of C282Y Genotype on Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Complications in Hereditary Hemochromatosis

OBJECTIVE: Arthropathy that mimics osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) is considered a complication of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). We have limited data comparing OA and OP prevalence among HH patients with different hemochromatosis type 1 (HFE) genotypes. We investigated the prevalence of OA and OP in patients with HH by C282Y homozygosity and compound heterozygosity (C282Y/H63D) genotype. METHODS: A total of 306 patients with HH completed a questionnaire. Clinical and demographic characteristics and presence of OA, OP and related complications were compared by genotype, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), current smoking and menopausal status. RESULTS: In total, 266 of the 306 patients (87%) were homozygous for C282Y, and 40 (13%) were compound heterozygous. The 2 groups did not differ by median age [60 (interquartile range [IQR] 53 to 68) vs. 61 (55 to 67) years, P=0.8], sex (female: 48.8% vs. 37.5%, P=0.18) or current smoking habits (12.4% vs. 10%, P=0.3). As compared with compound heterozygous patients, C282Y homozygous patients had higher median serum ferritin concentration at diagnosis [1090 (IQR 610 to 2210) vs. 603 (362 to 950) µg/L, P<0.001], higher median transferrin saturation [80% (IQR 66 to 91%) vs. 63% (55 to 72%), P<0.001]) and lower median BMI [24.8 (22.1 to 26.9) vs. 26.2 (23.5 to 30.3) kg/m2, P<0.003]. The overall prevalence of self-reported OA was significantly higher with C282Y homozygosity than compound heterozygosity (53.4% vs. 32.5%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.4 [95% confidence interval 1.2-5.0]), as was self-reported OP (25.6% vs. 7.5%; aOR 3.5 [1.1-12.1]). CONCLUSION: Patients with C282Y homozygosity may be at increased risk of musculoskeletal complications of HH.

Diagnóstico Pré-Natal das Anomalias do Tracto Urinário: Dez Anos de Experiência

Introdução: As anomalias do tracto urinário são detectadas com uma frequência cada vez maior devido à sistematização da vigilância ecográfica durante a gravidez aliada à sofisticação técnica e à experiência dos ecografistas. Objectivo: Analisar os principais diagnósticos pós-natais investigados na sequência do estudo evolutivo prolongado das uropatias fetais seguidas no ambulatório da nefrologia pediátrica do Hospital de Dona Estefânia. Doentes e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo dos 392 casos de uropatia fetal observados num período de dez anos e submetidos ao protocolo de investigação em uso na unidade. Resultados: O estudo inclui 362 casos; excluímos 30 processos que não completaram a investigação. A relação sexo masculino: feminino foi de 2: 1. O diagnóstico pré-natal foi realizado em média às 28.9 semanas e a idade média de admissão foi de 68 dias. No estudo evolutivo pós-natal verificou-se a formulação de um diagnóstico definitivo em 349 (96.4%) das crianças. Em 109 crianças (30%) a anomalia fetal foi transitória. Em 75 (20.7%) a dilatação era funcional. Confirmou-se a existência de uropatia em 165/362 crianças: refluxo vesico-ureteral 70/165 (42.4%), displasia multiquística 21%, síndroma da junção pielo-ureteral 16.4%, entre os principais. Nenhum caso evoluiu para insuficiência renal e há a registar, apenas, um caso de hipertensão arterial por poliquistose renal. Conclusão: A planificação da investigação pós-natal reveste-se ainda de alguma controvérsia e continua a evoluir principalmente no grupo das anomalias unilaterais e assintomáticas.