Profilaxia das Doenças Hereditárias do Eritrócito

Pretende-se esclarecer a prevalência que as doenças hereditárias do eritrócito têm não só a nível mundial e europeu mas também ao nível do nosso país e consulta de hematologia pediátrica do Hospital Dona Estefânia. São realçados os aspectos que condicionam a morbilidade associada a estas doenças crónicas, quer do ponto de vista da sua própria evolução natural como da própria terapêutica instituida. São referidas atitudes consensuais do ponto de vista profilático e terapêutico adoptadas neste tipo de doenças crónicas. Assume-se o diagnóstico pós-natal como de extrema importância, possibilitando diagnosticar-se casais de risco e implementar medidas privilegiando o aconselhamento destes casais quanto à característica genética de que são portadores e pondo à sua disposição meios de diagnóstico seguros na caracterização da sua descendência antes do nascimento (daignóstico pré-natal), com base num estudo de biologia molecular. Conclui-se realçando os programas de prevenção, sem os quais se torna impossível o decréscimo da incidência destas doenças, nomeadamente nos países de forte prevalência.

Lower Atherosclerotic Burden in Familial Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

OBJECTIVE: Despite the apparent familial tendency toward abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation, the genetic causes and underlying molecular mechanisms are still undefined. In this study, we investigated the association between familial AAA (fAAA) and atherosclerosis. METHODS: Data were collected from a prospective database including AAA patients between 2004 and 2012 in the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Family history was obtained by written questionnaire (93.1% response rate). Patients were classified as fAAA when at least one affected first-degree relative with an aortic aneurysm was reported. Patients without an affected first-degree relative were classified as sporadic AAA (spAAA). A standardized ultrasound measurement of the common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker for generalized atherosclerosis, was routinely performed and patients' clinical characteristics (demographics, aneurysm characteristics, cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors, and medication use) were recorded. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the mean adjusted difference in CIMT and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate associations of increased CIMT and clinical characteristics between fAAA and spAAA. RESULTS: A total of 461 AAA patients (85% men, mean age, 70 years) were included in the study; 103 patients (22.3%) were classified as fAAA and 358 patients (77.7%) as spAAA. The mean (standard deviation) CIMT in patients with fAAA was 0.89 (0.24) mm and 1.00 (0.29) mm in patients with spAAA (P = .001). Adjustment for clinical characteristics showed a mean difference in CIMT of 0.09 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.15; P = .011) between both groups. Increased CIMT, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were all less associated with fAAA compared with spAAA. CONCLUSIONS: The current study shows a lower atherosclerotic burden, as reflected by a lower CIMT, in patients with fAAA compared with patients with spAAA, independent of common atherosclerotic risk factors. These results support the hypothesis that although atherosclerosis is a common underlying feature in patients with aneurysms, atherosclerosis is not the primary driving factor in the development of fAAA.