Bloqueio Contínuo do Nervo Ciático

Embora a dor perioperatória seja multifactorial, existem dois factores principais sobre os quais se pode actuar em termos terapêuticos: a sensibilização central - pelo uso de analgésicos opióides - e o estímulo nociceptivo periférico - pelo uso de bloqueios de nervos periféricos. O uso destas técnicas para anestesia e analgesia de pós-operatório é cada vez mais frequente em cirurgia ortopédica devido à qualidade dos bloqueios sensitivo e motor que produz e às vantagens que apresenta relativamente ao alívio da dor e à mobilização precoce no pós-operatório. Apresentamos um caso clínico em que foi realizado um bloqueio contínuo do nervo ciático para correcção cirúrgica de Pé Cavum neurológico numa criança com Atraso Intelectual e Síndrome de Hiperactividade, permitindo uma analgesia perioperatória eficaz com efeitos secundários mínimos, e um regresso rápido ao ambiente familiar.

Lupus Myelopathy in a Child

A 5-year-old female developed, after a 7-month period of fever, anorexia, weight loss, and a transitory cutaneous erythematous eruption, a severe acute transverse myelopathy, with a partial recovery of motor and sensory function. She had positive antinuclear and antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies but no antiphospholipid antibodies. Six months later she had massive proteinuria and restarted treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide. Our patient is one of the youngest reported with lupus myelopathy. We discuss the clinical presentation, the magnetic resonance imaging findings, and other relevant laboratory studies of this rare but serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Aneurismas das Artérias Viscerais: Alternativa Terapêutica

The authors report two cases in which stent grafts were used to treat visceral artery aneurysms. Case number 1 was a 42-year old woman with a history of renal colic who was found to have a right renal artery aneurysm. Two 6-mm x 20-mm Wallgraft endoprosthesis (Boston Scientific, Watertown, Mass) were placed across the aneurysm neck. Case number 2 was a 72 year-old woman with a past medical history significant for hepatic angioma and hypothyroidism. She was found to have a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm that was treated with a 6-mm x 17-mm Jostent stent graft (Jomed, GmbH, Ra). In both cases the aneurysm was completely excluded and distal end-organ flow preserved. Stent graft placement is a safe and effective treatment for visceral artery aneurysms. If this approach proves durable and reproducible, it can become the method of choice for the management of visceral artery aneurysms in selected patients.

Serial Changes in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Associated with Culprit Vessel in ST - Elevation Myocardial Infarction - a Promising Marker?

The aim of the present study was to investigate variations in oxidized LDL (oxLDL) at the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and over the recovery period, exploring their relationship with coronary disease severity. A follow-up of 50 AMI patients was evaluated against 25 healthy volunteers (reference group). The AMI patients were evaluated at three time points: at admission before the administration of IIb/IIIa inhibitors and angioplasty, and two and 40 days after intervention. Plasma oxLDL concentrations were measured by ELISA. oxLDL was found to be significantly higher in AMI patients in the acute phase relative to reference levels, decreasing progressively over the recovery period. The results also demonstrated that oxLDL levels were decreased in patients with the left circumflex artery (LCX) as culprit vessel compared to the left anterior descending coronary (LAD) or right coronary artery (RCA). The results highlight a significant increase in oxLDL concentration related to coronary artery disease severity, as conditions such as LCX lesions are usually associated with a favorable prognosis, contrasting with LAD-associated conditions that can compromise large areas of myocardium. The results thus suggest that oxLDL may constitute a promising marker in assessment of AMI evolution.

Rectorragias Como Forma de Apresentação de Amebíase

A amebíase é uma doença infecciosa com diferentes formas de apresentação. Trata-se de um doente de 32 anos, sexo masculino, raça caucasiana, natural e residente em Lisboa, admitido na consulta de Proctologia por rectorragias. O exame objectivo e a avaliação laboratorial não mostraram alterações. Na sigmoidoscopia observaram-se úlceras entre 3 e 5 mm na mucosa rectal e da sigmoideia com friabilidade. A histologia revelou: manutenção da arquitectura, sem depleção das células caliciformes, infiltrado inflamatório intenso, misto com muitos polimorfonucleares neutrófilos e agregados linfóides da lâmina própria, criptite e úlcera com exsudado necroinflamatório, identificando-se Entamoeba histolytica. Medicado com metronidazol com resolução clínica, endoscópica e histológica.

The Risks of Self - Medication: Case Report of Familial Misuse of AM3 (Immunoferon®)

Over the last decades extended medical knowledge has been an important health care benefit in terms of disease prevention and management. However, probably with no exception, most pharmaceutical products are not devoid of adverse consequences. Immunomodulators are commonly considered a “benign” drug whose advantages bypass consequences. The immunomodulator AM3 (Immunoferon®) is a clinically used, orally administered compound whose active principle is stabilised in an inorganic matrix of calcium. We report the misuse of AM3 in three members of a family; father and two children. The drug was prescribed to the father who subsequently administered it to the children without seeking medical advice. Two months later, all subjects developed abdominal and/or flank colicky pain. Hypercalciuria was diagnosed in the children with different degrees of severity. It is likely that the calcium content of the inorganic matrix played an important role in the onset of symptoms. No adverse side effects related to the inorganic matrix of calcium of immunoferon® have been documented so far. This family case report calls attention to the risks of self -medication in a susceptible family. Paediatric patients are vulnerable as they rely on adults for the supply of medications. Concerning the use of drugs in family, especially nonprescription drugs, the quality of health care provided to the children depends on the health literacy of their parents.

Morte Fetal de um Gémeo. Que Problemas para o Gémeo Sobrevivente?

Na gravidez bigemelar, a morte de um dos fetos no segundo e terceiro trimestre é uma complicação rara, variando a taxa de incidência entre 2,6 e 6,8%. Este acontecimento determina um aumento das taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade perinatal para o gémeo sobrevivente, especialmente em gravidezes monocoriónicas, quando a morte fetal é devida à síndroma de tranfusão feto-fetal. Para alguns autores o atraso de crescimento intrauterino e a prematuridade são os principais factores de risco para o aumento da morbilidade e mortalidade do gémeo sobrevivente. A patofisiologia de instalação dos distúrbios cerebrais no gémeo sobrevivente após a morte do feto irmão não está definida, nem o intervalo de tempo que medeia entre a morte e o estabelecimento das lesões. Também não existe um protocolo definitivo de seguimento destas gravidezes e, posteriormente, do gémeo sobrevivente. No período de 1 de Setembro de 1994 a 31 de Dezembro de 1998, foram seguidas, na consulta de Gravidez Múltipla da Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, 235 gravidezes bigemelares. Em nove casos (3,8%) ocorreu morte de um dos fetos com idade gestacional acima das 13 semanas. Em cinco das nove gravidezes foi conhecida a causa de morte, quatro das quais foram atribuídas à síndroma de tranfusão feto-fetal. A taxa de prematuridade do gémeo sobrevivente foi de 44,4% (4/9) e a de mortalidade de 11,1%(1/9). A taxa de morbilidade neonatal foi de 62,5% (5/8), na maioria dos casos por complicações inerentes à prematuridade. A taxa de morbilidade neurológica foi de 37,5% (3/8). A taxa de lesões neurológicas major foi de 25% (2/8) e ocorreu em recém-nascidos de termo. A síndroma de transfusão feto-fetal, como causa de morte fetal, associou-se aos casos com pior prognóstico no que se referiu ao gémeo sobrevivente.O crescimento do gémeo sobrevivente parece depender das lesões provocadas pela morte do feto irmão. Os autores finalizam com uma proposta de atitudes obstétricas e pediátricas em relação ao gémeo sobrevivente.

Pseudo-Kaposi's Sarcoma Because of Suction-Socket Lower Limb Prosthesis

Pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma is a benign reactive vascular proliferation mainly involving the lower legs, which can be related to acquired chronic venous insufficiency or congenital arteriovenous malformations. In its most common presentation, acroangiodermatitis is seen in patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs as an exaggeration of the stasis dermatitis. However, rare reports of acroangiodermatitis include descriptions in amputees (especially in those with poorly fitting suction-type devices), in patients undergoing hemodialysis (with lesions developing distally to arteriovenous shunts) and in patients with paralyzed legs. We report on a 28 year-old-male who presented pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma in an amputation stump because of suction-socket lower limb prosthesis.