Síndroma de Stevens-Johnson e Necrólise Tóxica Epidérmica. Um Estudo Retrospectivo de 15 Anos

A Síndroma de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ), a Síndroma de Sobreposição (SS) e a Necrólise Tóxica Epidérmica (NTE) são emergências médicas raras, mas com elevadas morbilidade e mortalidade. A literatura referente às características destas doenças em Portugal é muito escassa. Procedeu-se à análise dos registos clínicos dos 20 doentes internados na Unidade de Queimados (UQ) do Hospital de São José nos últimos 15 anos com o diagnóstico de SSJ, SS ou NTE. A maior parte das toxidermias foi do tipo NTE (65%), seguida do SS (25%) e do SSJ (10%). A idade média foi 57,1 ± 19,0 anos. A duração média do internamento foi de 12,6 ± 7,8 dias. A mortalidade foi de 50%, sendo significativamente maior que os 16,4% de mortalidade global registada na UQ no mesmo período (p < 0,01). A área de superfície corporal total envolvida foi de 43,9 ± 28,6 %. O agente causal mais frequentemente implicado foi o alopurinol (35%), seguido da exposição à luz ultravioleta e metoxipsoraleno (15%). Catorze doentes (70%) foram tratados com corticóides nos primeiros dias de internamento, enquanto seis doentes (30%) foram tratados conservadoramente. A mortalidade foi menor nos doentes tratados com corticóides (42,8% vs 66,7%), embora esta diferença não fosse estatisticamente significativa. As taxas de infecção também não diferiram significativamente nos dois grupos. O SCORTEN nas primeiras 24 horas demonstrou ser um bom preditor de mortalidade. São necessários mais estudos para tentar reduzir a mortalidade nestas doenças.

Lupus and Pregnancy. 15 Years of Experience in a Tertiary Center

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the outcome of pregnancies in women diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed in a tertiary fetal–maternal center. Data were collected from clinical charts between January 1993 and December 2007, with a total of 136 pregnancies (107 patients). Mean maternal age was 29 years, with the vast majority of patients being Caucasian. Most patients were in remission 6 months prior to pregnancy (93%) and the most frequently affected organs were the skin and joints. Renal lupus accounted for 14% of all cases. Twenty-nine percent of patients were positive for at least one antiphospholid antibody (aPL) and nearly 50% had positive SSa/SSb antibodies. All patients with positive aPL received low-dosage aspirin and low molecular- weight heparin (LMWH). There were no pregnancy complications in more than 50% of cases and hypertensive disease and intrauterine growth restriction were the most common adverse events. There were 125 live births, one neonatal death, eight miscarriages, and three medical terminations of pregnancy. Preterm delivery occurred in 25% of pregnancies. Our results are probably the conjoined result of a multidisciplinary approach together with a systematic management of SLE pregnancies, with most patients keeping their prior SLE medication combined with low-dosage aspirin and LMWH in the presence of aPL.

Perinatal Care in Portugal: Effects of 15 Years of a Regionalized System

AIM: To share information on the organization of perinatal care in Portugal. METHODS: Data were derived from the Programme of the National Committee for Mother and Child Health 1989, National Institute for Statistics, and Eurostat. RESULTS: In 1989, perinatal care in Portugal was reformed: the closure was proposed of maternity units with less than 1500 deliveries per year; hospitals were classified as level I (no deliveries), II (low-risk deliveries, intermediate care units) or III (high-risk deliveries, intensive care units), and functional coordinating units responsible for liaison between local health centres and hospitals were established. A nationwide system of neonatal transport began in 1987, and in 1990 postgraduate courses on neonatology were initiated. With this reform, in-hospital deliveries increased from 74% before the reform to 99% after. Maternal death rate decreased from 9.2/100,000 deliveries in 1989 to 5.3 in 2003 and, in the same period, the perinatal mortality rate decreased from 16.4 to 6.6/1000 (live births + stillborn with > or = 22 wk gestational age), the neonatal mortality rate decreased from 8.1 to 2.7/1000 live births, and the infant mortality rate from 12.2/1000 live births to 4/1000. CONCLUSION: Regionalization of perinatal care and neonatal transport are key factors for a successful perinatal health system.