Epilepsy and Cerebral Palsy: Characteristics and Trends in Children Born in 1976 - 1998

Background: Although epilepsy is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP), no data exists on prevalence rates of CP and epilepsy. Aims: To describe epilepsy in children with CP, and to examine the association between epilepsy and neonatal characteristics, associated impairments and CP subtypes. Methods: Data on 9654 children with CP born between 1976 and 1998 and registered in 17 European registers belonging to the SCPE network (Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe)were analyzed. Results: A total of 3424 (35%) children had a history of epilepsy. Among them, seventy-two percent were on medication at time of registration. Epilepsy was more frequent in children with a dyskinetic or bilateral spastic type and with other associated impairments. The prevalence of CP with epilepsy was 0.69 (99% CI, 0.66e0.72) per 1000 live births and followed a quadratic trend with an increase from 1976 to 1983 and a decrease afterwards. Neonatal characteristics independently associated with epilepsy were the presence of a brain malformation or a syndrome, a term or moderately preterm birth compared with a very premature birth, and signs of perinatal distress including neonatal seizures, neonatal ventilation and admission to a neonatal care unit. Conclusions: The prevalence of CP with epilepsy followed a quadratic trend in 1976e1998 and mirrored that of the prevalence of CP during this period. The observed relationship between epilepsy and associated impairments was expected; however it requires longitudinal studies to be better understood.

Hemossiderose Pulmonar: Revisão Casuística da Consulta de Hematologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Dona Estefânia Durante o Período 1976-1994

Os autores fazem uma análise retrospectiva dos processos de crianças com hemossiderose pulmonar (HP) inscritas na Consulta de Hematologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Dona Estefânia no período de 1976 a 1994. Foram caracterizados o sexo e a raça dos doentes, a idade de aparecimento da sintomatologia inicial, o período que decorreu entre esta e a confirmação do diagnóstico e os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e radiológicos respeitantes ao diagnóstico, terapêutica e evolução clínica. A propósito desta entidade nosológica, é feita uma revisão bibliográfica. Confirma-se que a HP é uma doença rara, que inicialmente se apresenta com um quadro de anemia ferropénica arrastada com ou sem sintomatologia respiratória. O diagnóstico faz-se pelo achado de hemossiderófagos no lavado gástrico ou bronco-alvéolar. A etiopatogenia mantém-se desconhecida e a corticoterapia continua a ser a terapêutica mais eficaz no controlo da hemorragia pulmonar. A doença tem uma evolução inconstante, persistente ou intermitente, com um prognóstico variável, geralmente grave.