Propriedades Psicométricas da Versão Portuguesa do Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire na Miocardiopatia Dilatada com Insuficiência Cardíaca Congestiva

Several studies have shown that patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have a compromised health-related quality of life (HRQL), and this, in recent years, has become a primary endpoint when considering the impact of treatment of chronic conditions such as CHF. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of a new specific instrument to measure HRQL in patients hospitalized for CHF: the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). METHODS: The KCCQ was applied to a sample of 193 consecutive patients hospitalized for CHF. Of these, 105 repeated the assessment 3 months after admission, with no events during this period. Mean age was 64.4 +/- 12.4 years (21-88), and 72.5% were 72.5% male. CHF was of ischemic etiology in 4% of cases. RESULTS: This version of the KCCQ was subjected to statistical validation, with assessment of reliability and validity, similar to the American version. Reliability was assessed by the internal consistency of the domains and summary scores, which showed similar values of Cronbach alpha (0.50-0.94). Validity was assessed by convergence, sensitivity to differences between groups and sensitivity to changes in clinical condition. We evaluated the convergent validity of all domains related to functionality, through the relationship between them and a measure of functionality, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Significant correlations were found (p < 0.01) for this measure of functionality i patients with CHF. Analysis of variance between the physical limitation domain, the summary scores and NYHA class was performed and statistically significant differences were found (F = 23.4; F = 36.4; F = 37.4, p = 0.0001) in the ability to discriminate severity of clinical condition. A second evaluation was performed on 105 patients at the 3-month follow-up outpatient appointment, and significant changes were observed in the mean scores of the domains assessed between hospital admission and the clinic appointment (differences from 14.9 to 30.6 on a scale of 0-100), indicating that the domains assessed are sensitive to changes in clinical condition. The correlation between dimensions of quality of life in the KCCQ is moderate, suggesting that the dimensions are independent, supporting the multifactorial nature of HRQL and the suitability of this measure for its evaluation. CONCLUSION: The KCCQ is a valid instrument, sensitive to change and a specific measure of HRQL in a population with dilated cardiomyopathy and CHF.

Mutilação Genital Feminina - a Importância de Reconhecer e de Saber como Agir

Female genital mutilation, also named female genital cutting or female circumcision, refers to all practices involving total or partial removal of female external genitalia, or causing other lesions without an established health benefit. The World Health Organization estimates that 130 million women have been submitted to genital mutilation and 3 million are annually exposed to such risk in Africa. It has classified the practice of female genital mutation in four types. Portugal is considered a risk country for the practice of genital mutilation because of the high migration rates from the African continent, and women from Guinea-Bissau are at particular risk. A multidisciplinary commission published an Action Program in 2009, with measures directed at providing healthcare professionals with information on how to deal with this problem.

Pênfigo Vulgar - Um Caso Pediátrico

O Pênfigo Vulgar é uma doença auto-imune rara na infância,com evolução crónica e mortalidade significativa. A doença manifesta-se por lesões vesiculares, semelhantes a infecções benignas, mas que são refractárias ao tratamento sintomático e persistem após a fase aguda. Apresenta-se o caso de uma criança de três anos com lesões muco-cutâneas orais, persistentes. A biópsia permitiu o diagnóstico de Pênfigo Vulgar, tendo sido iniciada terapia corticosteróide sistémica. A dificuldade no controlo da doença levou à introdução de outros fármacos imunossupressores, até se atingir a estabilidade clínica. Todas as opções de tratamento do Pênfigo apresentam efeitos iatrogénicos, sendo imprescindível um equilíbrio entre controlo da doença e qualidade de vida do doente.

Genetic Characterization of an Insect-Specific Flavivirus Isolated from Culex Theileri Mosquitoes Collected in Southern Portugal

We describe the full genetic characterization of an insect-specific flavivirus (ISF) from Culex theileri (Theobald) mosquitoes collected in Portugal. This represents the first isolation and full characterization of an ISF from Portuguese mosquitoes. The virus, designated CTFV, for Culex theileri flavivirus, was isolated in the C6/36 Stegomyia albopicta (=Aedes albopictus) cell line, and failed to replicate in vertebrate (Vero) cells in common with other ISFs. The CTFV genome encodes a single polyprotein with 3357 residues showing all the features expected for those of flaviviruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on all ISF sequences available to date, place CTFV among Culex-associated flaviviruses, grouping with recently published NS5 partial sequences documented from mosquitoes collected in the Iberian Peninsula, and with Quang Binh virus (isolated in Vietnam) as a close relative. No CTFV sequences were found integrated in their host’s genome using a range of specific PCR primers designed to the prM/E, NS3, and NS5 region.

Obesidade: Casuística de uma Consulta de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, como Base de uma Proposta de Intervenção Terapêutica

A obesidade tem vindo a tornar-se um problema cada vez mais prevalente nas crianças e nos jovens dos países economicamente desafogados, sendo, na sua maioria, o resultado de erros alimentares e de uma vida sedentária. O objectivo deste trabalho é avaliar as características das crianças e dos jovens enviados pela primeira vez à Consulta de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Dona Estefânia (HDE) no ano de 1999 por obesidade, no que diz respeito às causas e consequências da mesma, e aos resultados do seguimento. Durante o ano referido foram avaliados 107 crianças e adolescentes em consulta de primeira vez por obesidade, constituindo 36 % dos motivos de primeira consulta. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) era superior a 30 em 26 % dos doentes. Cerca de metade apresentavam antecedentes familiares de obesidade e ou diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Treze por cento apresentavam alterações ortopédicas provocadas ou agravadas pela obesidade e 9 % tinham valores de tensão arterial superiores ao P95 para o sexo e idade. Verificaram-se também alterações da tolerância à glicose, hiperinsulinismo, hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia. Cinquenta e um por cento dos indivíduos tiveram apenas duas consultas, e a redução de peso na segunda consulta obteve-se em 62 % dos casos. Com base em trabalhos recentes, propõe-se um protocolo de abordagem destes doentes que permita uma selecção, de forma a identificar patologias que requeiram tratamento adequado.