Violência sobre Profissionais de Saúde...Que Implicações Psicológicas?

A violência sobre os profissionais de saúde é uma problemática crescente nos dias de hoje. Deste modo, os enfermeiros que diariamente estão expostos a estas situações, muitas vezes não sabem lidar com elas, tornando-se assim premente estudar e analisar este fenómeno. Este artigo de reflexão desenvolve-se na sequência do trabalho final realizado no âmbito do III Curso de Pós-Graduação em Estratégias e Intervenção em Situações de Crise – Emergência, que decorreu no ano de 2008 na Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre, e pretende reflectir acerca das situações de violência contra os profissionais de saúde, as suas consequências psicológicas e estratégias de intervenção nestas situações. Torna-se imperativo que para as consequências físicas e implicações psicológicas desta violência se deve ter em conta a promoção de um coping eficaz, e a aquisição de estratégias e mecanismos internos, que permitam ao profissional a sua reestruturação interior. No entanto, a prevenção destas situações é também um elemento a analisar, bem como as medidas passíveis de ser implementadas neste sentido.

Predictive Variables Affecting Transfusion Requirements in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Adult orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is associated with considerable blood product requirements. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of preoperative information to predict intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements among adult liver recipients. METHODS: Preoperative variables with previously demonstrated relationships to intraoperative RBC transfusion were identified from the literature: sex, age, pathology, prothrombin time (PT), factor V, hemoglobin (Hb), and platelet count (plt). These variables were then retrospectively collected from 758 consecutive adult patients undergoing OLT from 1997 to 2007. Relationships between these variables and intraoperative blood transfusion requirements were examined by both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Univariate analysis confirmed significant associations between RBC transfusion and PT, factor V, Hb, Plt, pathology, and age (P values all < .001). However, stepwise backward multivariate analysis excluded variables Plt and factor V from the multiple regression linear model. The variables included in the final predictive model were PT, Hb, age, and pathology. Patients suffering from liver carcinoma required more blood products than those suffering from other pathologies. Yet, the overall predictive power of the final model was limited (R(2) = .308; adjusted R(2) = .30). CONCLUSION: Preoperative variables have limited predictive power for intraoperative RBC transfusion requirements even when significant statistical associations exist, identifying only a small portion of the observed total transfusion variability. Preoperative PT, Hb, age, and liver pathology seem to be the most significant predictive factors but other factors like severity of liver disease, surgical technique, medical experience in liver transplantation, and other noncontrollable human variables may play important roles to determine the final transfusion requirements.

Hopelessness and Related Variables among Cancer Patients in the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study (SEPOS).

BACKGROUND: Although hopelessness has been studied in cancer, no data are available in non-English-speaking countries. OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to amass data from Southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland) in order to fill this void. METHOD: A group of 312 cancer patients completed the Mini-MAC Hopelessness subscale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Cancer Worry Inventory (CWI), and a six-item Visual Analog scale (VAS) to measure intensity of physical symptoms, general well-being, difficulty in coping with cancer, intensity of social support from close relationships, leisure activity, and support from religious beliefs. RESULTS: Regression analysis indicated that HADS-Depression, VAS Maladaptive Coping and Well-Being, and the CWI explained 42% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Hopelessness in cancer patients seems not exclusively to correspond to depression, but is related to various other psychosocial factors, such as maladaptive coping, as well.