Malária Grave em Cuidados Intensivos

Objectivo: Rever o perfil clínico e terapêutico dos doentes com malária grave admitidos numa unidade de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Tipo de estudo: Retrospectivo. População: Nove doentes com malária a Plasmodium falciparum admitidos entre Agosto de 1991 e Julho de 2001 na UCI do Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos (HSAC). Resultados: As complicações mais frequentes foram as manifestações neurológicas, a síndroma de dificuldade respiratória aguda (SDRA) e a insuficiência renal aguda. A ventilação mecânica foi utilizada em cinco doentes, a prótese renal em dois e as aminas vasopressoras em três doentes. Faleceram dois doentes (22.2%). Conclusões: A malária a Plasmodium falciparum é uma doença potencialmente fatal, pelo que os factores de risco e os critérios para admissão em UCI devem ser identificados. A presença de disfunção de órgão, nomeadamente de manifestações neurológicas, insuficiência renal e respiratória deverão ser consideradas como indicação para internamento em cuidados intensivos.

Incontinentia Pigmenti in the Neonatal Period

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare multisystem disease, X linked dominant disorder. As all X linked dominant diseases, it is usually male-lethal. Female newborn admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit on the fi rst day of life was diagnosed as having probable herpetic infection with vesicular skin lesions distributed on upper right limb and inferior limbs. Family history showed that her 22-year-old mother had hypopigmented lesions on the lower limbs and her 13-month-old sister had hyperpigmented lesions on the trunk and limbs. In newborns, herpes infection emerges as the principal diagnosis of vesicular rash, due to the importance of precocious diagnosis and treatment. Other hypothesis must be considered in a newborn with vesicobullous rash, such as IP.

Movimento Assistencial da Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente do Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos

Apresenta-se o movimento assistencial da Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente (UCIP) do Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos (HSAC), no seu ano de funcionamento (1 de Julho de 1991 a 30 de Junho de 1992). Foram internados 282 doentes, com uma idade média global de 57.91±18.16 anos e provenientes em 52.5% dos casos do Serviço de Urgência do HSAC. As principais categorias diagnósticas de admissão foram a falência cardiovascular cmlii doentes(39%) e a falência respiratória em 98 (35%); 50.7% dos doentes foram submetidos a ventilação mecânica, 44% a ecocardiografia, 13.5% a broncofibroscopia e 10.3% a monitorização hemodinâmica com catéter de Swan-Ganz. Trata-se de uma população com índices de gravidade elevados e importante mortalidade na UCIP (27.0%) e no Hospital (37.6%). Índices de gravidade,APACHEII, SAPS 1 e TISS nas primeiras 24 horas e pontuação máxima de dois índices de falência múltipla de órgão - MOF e 0SF- validados nesta população e revelaram-se como bons indicadores de prognóstico.

Is This Septic Shock? A Rare Case of Distributive Shock

The authors report a rare case of shock in a patient without significant clinical history, admitted to the intensive care unit for suspected septic shock. The patient was initially treated with fluid therapy without improvement. A hypothesis of systemic capillary leak syndrome was postulated following the confirmation of severe hypoalbuminemia, hypotension, and hemoconcentration - a combination of three symptoms typical of the disease. The authors discussed the differential diagnosis and also conducted a review of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Intoxicações numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente

Apresenta-se aqui um estudo retrospectivo de 1340 admissões por intoxicação numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente durante um período de quatro anos (1986-1989). Em 666 doentes ocorreram 735 intoxicações medicamentosas e em 674 doentes 691 intoxicações não medicamentosas. Nas intoxicações medicamentosas destacam-se os fármacos com acção principal a nível do sistema nervoso central (82.3%), predominando os insecticidas organofosforados (5 1.2%) nas não medicamentosas. Ao longo dos anos considerados constatou-se uma diminuição absoluta e relativa do número de doentes intoxicados (480 vs 244, 15.1% vs 9.9%). Dos internados, 698 era do sexo masculino (289 nas intoxicações medicamentosas e 409 nas não medicamentosas) e 642 do sexo feminino (377 nas medicamentosas e 265 nas não medicamentosas), existindo uma diferença estatisticamente muito significativa no tipo de intoxicação quanto ao sexo (p

Acute Kidney Injury after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Risk Factors and Outcomes. Proposal for a Predictive Model

Objectives: To characterize the epidemiology and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery in our center, to determine its association with poor short-term outcomes, and to develop a logistic regression model that will predict the risk of AKI for the study population. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included consecutive pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery between January 2010 and December 2012. Exclusion criteria were a history of renal disease, dialysis or renal transplantation. Results: Of the 325 patients included, median age three years (1 day---18 years), AKI occurred in 40 (12.3%) on the first postoperative day. Overall mortality was 13 (4%), nine of whom were in the AKI group. AKI was significantly associated with length of intensive care unit stay, length of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death (p<0.01). Patients’ age and postoperative serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and lactate levels were included in the logistic regression model as predictor variables. The model accurately predicted AKI in this population, with a maximum combined sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 75.4%. Conclusions: AKI is common and is associated with poor short-term outcomes in this setting. Younger age and higher postoperative serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and lactate levels were powerful predictors of renal injury in this population. The proposed model could be a useful tool for risk stratification of these patients.

Minimally Invasive Repair of Morgagni Hernia - A Multicenter Case Series

Children may benefit from minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the correction of Morgagni hernia (MH). The present study aims to evaluate the outcome of MIS through a multicenter study. National institutions that use MIS in the treatment of MH were included. Demographic, clinical and operative data were analyzed. Thirteen patients with MH (6 males) were operated using similar MIS technique (percutaneous stitches) at a mean age of 22.2±18.3 months. Six patients had chromosomopathies (46%), five with Down syndrome (39%). Respiratory complaints were the most common presentation (54%). Surgery lasted 95±23min. In none of the patients was the hernia sac removed; prosthesis was never used. In the immediate post-operative period, 4 patients (36%) were admitted to intensive care unit (all with Down syndrome); all patients started enteral feeds within the first 24h. With a mean follow-up of 56±16.6 months, there were two recurrences (18%) at the same institution, one of which was repaired with an absorbable suture; both with Down syndrome. The application of MIS in the MH repair is effective even in the presence of comorbidities such as Down syndrome; the latter influences the immediate postoperative recovery and possibly the recurrence rate. Removal of hernia sac does not seem necessary. Non-absorbable sutures may be more appropriate.