Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation in Portugal

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Recently, three novel non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants received approval for reimbursement in Portugal for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). It is therefore important to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of these new oral anticoagulants in Portuguese AF patients. METHODS: A Markov model was used to analyze disease progression over a lifetime horizon. Relative efficacy data for stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), bleeding (intracranial, other major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding), myocardial infarction and treatment discontinuation were obtained by pairwise indirect comparisons between apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban using warfarin as a common comparator. Data on resource use were obtained from the database of diagnosis-related groups and an expert panel. Model outputs included life years gained, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), direct healthcare costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS:Apixaban provided the most life years gained and QALYs. The ICERs of apixaban compared to warfarin and dabigatran were €5529/QALY and €9163/QALY, respectively. Apixaban was dominant over rivaroxaban (greater health gains and lower costs). The results were robust over a wide range of inputs in sensitivity analyses. Apixaban had a 70% probability of being cost-effective (at a threshold of €20 000/QALY) compared to all the other therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS:Apixaban is a cost-effective alternative to warfarin and dabigatran and is dominant over rivaroxaban in AF patients from the perspective of the Portuguese national healthcare system. These conclusions are based on indirect comparisons, but despite this limitation, the information is useful for healthcare decision-makers.

Feocromocitoma: uma Causa Rara de Choque e Falência Multiorgânica

As manifestações clássicas do feocromocitoma incluem hipertensão arterial, cefaleias, palpitações, tremor e diaforese. Formas raras de apresentação podem mimetizar outras patologias e dificultar o diagnóstico. Os autores (AA) apresentam o caso de uma jovem de 26 anos que recorreu ao serviço de Urgência por tosse, dispneia e diaforese com cinco dias de evolução, com rápida progressão para choque. Transferida para a Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), onde desenvolveu falência multi-órgãos, a TAC toraco-abdominal revelou volumosa massa supra-renal direita, que os exames complementares confirmaram ser feocromocitoma. A doente sofreu uma forma grave de cardiomiopatia, que regrediu completamente em termos clínicos e ecocardiográficos alguns meses após a adrenalectomia. O estudo genético de feocromocitoma veio a revelar Doença de von Hippel-Lindau. Os AA tecem algumas considerações sobre a fisiopatologia da crise multissistémica do feocromocitoma e a necessidade do rastreio genético desta entidade.

Síndrome de Cushing e Gravidez

Descreve-se um caso de gravidez em doente com Síndrome de Cushing por adenoma da supra-renal, tratado cirurgicamente após o parto e com recuperação total do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-supra-renal. A gravidez teve evolução favorável, com parto pré-termo e recém-nascido normal.