Joining copper to stainless steel by friction stir diffusion process

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Cognitive models for the concept of angle

Tese de doutoramento em Filosofia

Environmental data management in the Sado Estuary

Estuaries are perhaps the most threatened environments in the coastal fringe; the coincidence of high natural value and attractiveness for human use has led to conflicts between conservation and development. These conflicts occur in the Sado Estuary since its location is near the industrialised zone of Peninsula of Setúbal and at the same time, a great part of the Estuary is classified as a Natural Reserve due to its high biodiversity. These facts led us to the need of implementing a model of environmental management and quality assessment, based on methodologies that enable the assessment of the Sado Estuary quality and evaluation of the human pressures in the estuary. These methodologies are based on indicators that can better depict the state of the environment and not necessarily all that could be measured or analysed. Sediments have always been considered as an important temporary source of some compounds or a sink for other type of materials or an interface where a great diversity of biogeochemical transformations occur. For all this they are of great importance in the formulation of coastal management system. Many authors have been using sediments to monitor aquatic contamination, showing great advantages when compared to the sampling of the traditional water column. The main objective of this thesis was to develop an estuary environmental management framework applied to Sado Estuary using the DPSIR Model (EMMSado), including data collection, data processing and data analysis. The support infrastructure of EMMSado were a set of spatially contiguous and homogeneous regions of sediment structure (management units). The environmental quality of the estuary was assessed through the sediment quality assessment and integrated in a preliminary stage with the human pressure for development. Besides the earlier explained advantages, studying the quality of the estuary mainly based on the indicators and indexes of the sediment compartment also turns this methodology easier, faster and human and financial resource saving. These are essential factors to an efficient environmental management of coastal areas. Data management, visualization, processing and analysis was obtained through the combined use of indicators and indices, sampling optimization techniques, Geographical Information Systems, remote sensing, statistics for spatial data, Global Positioning Systems and best expert judgments. As a global conclusion, from the nineteen management units delineated and analyzed three showed no ecological risk (18.5 % of the study area). The areas of more concern (5.6 % of the study area) are located in the North Channel and are under strong human pressure mainly due to industrial activities. These areas have also low hydrodynamics and are, thus associated with high levels of deposition. In particular the areas near Lisnave and Eurominas industries can also accumulate the contamination coming from Águas de Moura Channel, since particles coming from that channel can settle down in that area due to residual flow. In these areas the contaminants of concern, from those analyzed, are the heavy metals and metalloids (Cd, Cu, Zn and As exceeded the PEL guidelines) and the pesticides BHC isomers, heptachlor, isodrin, DDT and metabolits, endosulfan and endrin. In the remain management units (76 % of the study area) there is a moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects and in some of these areas no stress agents could be identified. This emphasizes the need for further research, since unmeasured chemicals may be causing or contributing to these adverse effects. Special attention must be taken to the units with moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects, located inside the natural reserve. Non-point source pollution coming from agriculture and aquaculture activities also seem to contribute with important pollution load into the estuary entering from Águas de Moura Channel. This pressure is expressed in a moderate impact potential for ecological risk existent in the areas near the entrance of this Channel. Pressures may also came from Alcácer Channel although they were not quantified in this study. The management framework presented here, including all the methodological tools may be applied and tested in other estuarine ecosystems, which will also allow a comparison between estuarine ecosystems in other parts of the globe.

Potencial da biomassa florestal residual para fins energéticos de três concelhos

O mercado da biomassa florestal tem vindo a desenvolver-se bastante nos últimos anos na Europa. Portugal, apesar de ter um desenvolvimento considerável através da sua indústria florestal, apenas nos últimos anos começa a encarar as oportunidades que este recurso pode oferecer. Através de um concurso público lançado em 2006, a meta para a produção de electricidade a partir de biomassa florestal foi estabelecida em 250 MWe, sendo anteriormente de 150 MWe. O presente trabalho tem três objectivos: 1) quantificar a produção de biomassa florestal residual nos concelhos de Almeirim, Alpiarça e Chamusca; 2) analisar a disponibilidade de biomassa florestal para quatro locais seleccionados no distrito de Santarém e para duas centrais em funcionamento (CAIMA e Pego); e 3) avaliar a viabilidade económica da co-combustão de biomassa florestal com carvão na central do Pego. A produção de biomassa florestal nos três concelhos estudados foi estimada em 30 601 a 35 585 toneladas secas por ano. O contributo real para as necessidades anuais em biomassa é de 2-17%, 16-23% e 5-11% para as centrais de Rio Maior, CAIMA e Pego, respectivamente, admitindo um preço da biomassa de 25,4 €/t (45% de humidade). Estimou-se ainda que a co-combustão de biomassa na central do Pego é atractiva para custos de licença de emissão a partir de 16 €/tCO2 e para preços de biomassa florestal residual inferiores a 30 €/t (45% de humidade).

Development of an interface for ontology‐based transformation between features of different types

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

Ensaios de coagulação floculação da água residual afluente à Etar de Avis

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Perfil Engenharia Sanitária

Preliminary study on the production of functionally graded materials by friction stir processing

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Interface multitoque para exploração de colecção de arte

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

O que é o interface? Da entificação á identificação do interface enquanto complexo mediador

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências da Comunicação

Modelos geológicos estocásticos 3D e interface para modelos de simulação de fluxo: aplicação à área subjacente da antiga fábrica da SPEL

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Geológica (Georrecursos)

Estudo do crescimento da microalga Chlorella vulgaris numa água residual tratada, sob diferentes condições de fotoperíodo e temperatura

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Energia e Bioenergia

The friction force mouse-pad and the forearm muscles efforts (preliminary results)

The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of the friction force mouse-pad in the contraction level of the forearm muscles M. extensor carpi ulnaris, M. extensor digitorum and M. extensor carpi radialis longus. A standard protocol of mouse movements was performed involving horizontal, vertical and diagonal mouse displacements drag-and-drop type. The operators were instructed to execute the protocol with their normal working speed. The movements protocol were performed by each subject (n=17) with three selected pairs mouse-pad, classified as low, medium and high friction force pairs. The mean time to execute the protocol with each mouse was ~138s. Mean values of ~13%MVE and ~17%MVE were found in the M. extensor carpi ulnaris and in the M. extensor digitorum respectively when performing the movements’ protocol. A 8.1% increase in %MVE was observed in the M. extensor digitorum and a 9.4% increase in %MVE was observed in the M. extensor carpi ulnaris when the high friction force pair was operated, relatively to the low friction force pair (p<0.05). The main preliminary conclusions of this study is that operating a high friction force mouse-pad may increase the risk to symptoms or disorders in the wrist due to an increase in the forearm muscles contraction levels, particularly during work with drawing application

Contributo para a modelização de magnetos supercondutores de fluxo residual: aplicação a um motor linear todo supercondutor

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Estudo da reutilização de uma água residual tratada na rega paisagística. Caso estudo: ETAR da ETVO - Valorsul

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil Sanitária

A Terra como Interface: o paradigma do Mapa para o Século XXI

Trabalho de Projecto de Mestrado em Ciências de Comunicação Variante Novos Media e Práticas Web