Optimal design and operation of compact simulated moving bed processes for enantioseparations

Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography is attracting more and more attention since it is a powerful technique for complex separation tasks. Nowadays, more than 60% of preparative SMB units are installed in the pharmaceutical and in the food in- dustry [SDI, Preparative and Process Liquid Chromatography: The Future of Process Separations, International Strategic Directions, Los Angeles, USA, 2002. http://www. strategicdirections.com]. Chromatography is the method of choice in these ¯elds, be- cause often pharmaceuticals and ¯ne-chemicals have physico-chemical properties which di®er little from those of the by-products, and they may be thermally instable. In these cases, standard separation techniques as distillation and extraction are not applicable. The noteworthiness of preparative chromatography, particulary SMB process, as a sep- aration and puri¯cation process in the above mentioned industries has been increasing, due to its °exibility, energy e±ciency and higher product purity performance. Consequently, a new SMB paradigm is requested by the large number of potential small- scale applications of the SMB technology, which exploits the °exibility and versatility of the technology. In this new SMB paradigm, a number of possibilities for improving SMB performance through variation of parameters during a switching interval, are pushing the trend toward the use of units with smaller number of columns because less stationary phase is used and the setup is more economical. This is especially important for the phar- maceutical industry, where SMBs are seen as multipurpose units that can be applied to di®erent separations in all stages of the drug-development cycle. In order to reduce the experimental e®ort and accordingly the coast associated with the development of separation processes, simulation models are intensively used. One impor- tant aspect in this context refers to the determination of the adsorption isotherms in SMB chromatography, where separations are usually carried out under strongly nonlinear conditions in order to achieve higher productivities. The accurate determination of the competitive adsorption equilibrium of the enantiomeric species is thus of fundamental importance to allow computer-assisted optimization or process scale-up. Two major SMB operating problems are apparent at production scale: the assessment of product quality and the maintenance of long-term stable and controlled operation. Constraints regarding product purity, dictated by pharmaceutical and food regulatory organizations, have drastically increased the demand for product quality control. The strict imposed regulations are increasing the need for developing optically pure drugs.(...)

Development of Chitosan and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Blended scaffolds for cell culture using supercritical fluids technology

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Robots and humans as co-workers? The human-centred perspective of work with autonomous systems

The design of work organisation systems with automated equipment is facing new challenges and the emergence of new concepts. The social aspects that are related with new concepts on the complex work environments (CWE) are becoming more relevant for that design. The work with autonomous systems implies options in the design of workplaces. Especially that happens in such complex environments. The concepts of “agents”, “co-working” or “human-centred technical systems” reveal new dimensions related to human-computer interaction (HCI). With an increase in the number and complexity of those human-technology interfaces, the capacities of human intervention can become limited, originating further problems. The case of robotics is used to exemplify the issues related with automation in working environments and the emergence of new HCI approaches that would include social implications. We conclude that studies on technology assessment of industrial robotics and autonomous agents on manufacturing environment should also focus on the human involvement strategies in organisations. A needed participatory strategy implies a new approach to workplaces design. This means that the research focus must be on the relation between technology and social dimensions not as separate entities, but integrated in the design of an interaction system.

Avaliação epidemiológica dos internamentos através de um serviço de urgência de segunda linha (SII)

RESUMO: Introdução: A Comissão Nacional para a reestruturação dos Serviços de Saúde Mental em 2004, fez uma proposta de âmbito regional, ao nível da região de Saúde do Norte, levando a uma alteração da rede de referenciação hospitalar dos internamentos em psiquiatria. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico longitudinal para avaliar factores preditivos de internamento através de um serviço de Urgência de Segunda Linha (SII), que de algum modo reflectisse o funcionamento dos serviços de internamento na região de Saúde do Norte, ao longo de 12 anos, nomeadamente relacionando com factores organizacionais contemplados no Plano Nacional de Saúde Mental e na reorganização da rede de referenciação hospitalar. Resultados: Durante os 12 anos do estudo, verificou-se um aumento estatisticamente significativo do número e duração de internamentos através do SII, com ponto de partida no ano 2008-2009, e de novo a partir do ano 2010-2011 (nº de internamentos), para o qual contribuiu a alteração da rede hospitalar na região de saúde do Norte, nomeadamente pelo facto do HMLemos, assumir a responsabilidade de novo, dos internamentos das áreas de Famalicão, Gondomar e Santa Maria da Feira. Em relação ao número de internamentos, e na análise exploratória, encontramos nas áreas hospitalares fora da área de influência do HMLemos, uma contribuição positiva significativa para o aumento do nº de internamentos ao longo dos anos com os Dx (290, 296, 297, 291, 309). Em relação à área do HMLemos restrita (PVC, STT, Matosinhos, Porto Ocidental), de referir a contribuição positiva significativa dos Dx 309 e 301, para o aumento do número de internamentos ao longo do tempo, sendo que a prevalência maior se mantém relacionada às Psicoses (Dx 295, 296 e 297). Não se concluiu por uma contribuição estatisticamente significativa ( positiva ou negativa), das variáveis independentes idade, sexo ou natureza do internamento em relação à variável dependente ( duração de internamentos/ano). Em relação á variável dependente (nº de internamentos/ano), relativamente aos doentes fora de área de influência do HMLemos, concluiu-se uma contribuição positiva estatisticamente significativa da variável independente idade. Conclusões: Através da análise exploratória foi possível perceber o esforço realizado pelos hospitais no sentido de melhorar a equidade e acessibilidade dos doentes à Saúde Mental, a par da reorganização da rede hospitalar. De destacar a necessidade de encontrar alternativas às situações de internamento, com menos critérios de gravidade diagnóstica, nomeadamente reforçar a importância da criação de consultas de crises nos respectivos Hospitais de Dia dos DPSM.----------------ABSTRACT:Introduction : The National Commission for the restructuring of mental health services in 2004 , has proposed at a regional level ( North Health Region), a change in the network of hospital referrals of admissions in psychiatry. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal epidemiological study to assess predictors of hospitalization through a Second Line Emergency Service ( SII) , that somehow reflect the operation of inpatient services in North Health Region, over 12 years, particularly relating to organizational factors included in the National Mental Health Plan and reorganization of the hospital referral network. Results: During the period of the study, there was a statistically significant increase in the number and duration of hospitalizations through the SII, with starting point in the year 2008-2009 and again from 2010-2011 (number of admissions) , for which counted the change of the hospital network referral in Northern health region , in particular because Hospital Magalhães Lemos (HMLemos) , took the new responsibility of admissions from areas of Famalicão, Gondomar and Santa Maria da Feira . Regarding the number of hospitalizations, in the exploratory analysis , we found in hospital areas outside the area of influence of HMLemos , a significant positive contribution to the increase in number of admissions over the years with Diagnosis of 290, 296, 297, 291 , 309 in the ICD-9. With respect to the restricted area of HMLemos (PVC, STT , Porto Ocidental and Matosinhos) , we found a significant positive contribution of Diagnosis 309 and 301, to increase the number of hospitalizations over time, with higher prevalence rates remaining the psychoses ( Dx 295, 296 and 297 ) . Did not conclude for any statistically significant contribution (positive or negative) of the independent variables age, sex and nature of admission to the dependent variable (duration of hospitalization / year). In relation to the dependent variable (number of admissions / year) relative to patients outside the area of influence of HMLemos, it was found a statistically significant positive contribution of the independent variable age . Conclusions: Through the exploratory analysis, it was possible to see the efforts made by hospitals to improve the accessibility of patients to Mental Health, throughout the hospital network reorganization. Its important to highlight the need to find alternatives to inpatient admissions in those with less gravity diagnostic criteria, reinforcing the importance of creating specific crisis consultations in Day Hospital regime.