Type-based protocol conformance and aliasing control in concurrent java programs

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

The Vase’s Representation (Cantharus, Crater) on the Roman Mosaic in Portugal: A Significant Formal and Iconographic Path from Classic Antiquity to Late Antiquity

11TH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON ANCIENT MOSAICS OCTOBER 16TH  20TH, 2009, BURSA TURKEY Mosaics of Turkey and Parallel Developments in the Rest of the Ancient and Medieval World: Questions of Iconography, Style and Technique from the Beginnings of Mosaic until the Late Byzantine Era

The influence of menopausal status on bone turnover and disease control in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease treated with chemotherapy plus zoledronic acid : an exploratory retrospective cohort study

RESUMO: Introdução: Uma meta-análise recente demonstrou que uso adjuvante de ácido zoledrónico (AZ) em mulheres pós-menopáusicas com cancro da mama precoce (CM) conduz a redução do risco de morte por CM em 17%. Investigámos o efeito do estado hormonal (pré [PrM] vs pós-menopausa tardia [PoM]) na remodelação óssea e controlo de doença em mulheres com CM e metástases ósseas (MO) tratadas com AZ e quimioterapia (QT). Métodos: Neste estudo de coorte retrospetivo, colhemos variáveis clinico-patológicas e quantificámos o telopéptido N-terminal (NTX) urinário e marcadores tumorais (MT) séricos em mulheres com CM e MO tratadas com QT e AZ. As doentes foram divididas em PrM (<45 anos) e PoM (>60 anos). Endpoints do estudo: variação do NTX, CA15.3 e CEA nos meses 3, 6 e 9, tempo até falência de QT de primeira-linha e sobrevivência. Quando apropriado foram usados os testes de Wilcoxon rank-sum, modelo de efeitos lineares mistos, teste log-rank e modelo de Cox. Resultados: Quarenta doentes foram elegíveis para análise (8 PrM e 32 PoM). Depois da introdução de AZ e QT, os níveis de NTX e MT caíram no coorte global. O perfil de resposta não diferiu entre grupos no mês 3 ou em tempos posteriores (valor-p para interação tempo-estado hormonal no mês 3=0.957). Ademais, o perfil de resposta dos MT também não diferiu entre grupos. O tempo mediano até falência de primeira-linha de QT em PrM e PoM foi de 15.2 e 17.4 meses, respetivamente. Não foi identificada diferença significativa entre grupos, quer em análise univariada quer após controlo para envolvimento visceral (p=0.399 e 0.469, respetivamente). Igualmente, não houve diferenças em termos de sobrevivência. Conclusões: Neste coorte, não foram identificadas diferenças no controlo de NTX ou MT em função do estado menopausico. Igualmente, não foi identificada diferença no tempo até falência de primeira-linha de CT ou sobrevivência.----------- ABSTRACT: Background: A recent meta-analysis showed that the adjuvant use of zoledronic acid (ZA) in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer (BC) leads to a reduction in the risk of breast cancer death by 17%. We investigated the effect of the hormonal status (pre [PrM] vs late post menopause [PoM]) on bone turnover and disease control among women with BC and boné metastases (BM) treated with ZA and chemotherapy (CT). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected clinicopathologic variables, urinary Nterminal telopeptide (NTX) and serum tumor marker levels from women with BC and BM treated with CT and ZA. Patients were divided in PrM (<45 years) and PoM (>60 years). Study endpoints were NTX, CA15.3 and CEA variation at 3, 6 and 9 months, and time to first-line CT failure and survival. We performed multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models to assess the variation of repeated measures and cox regression models for time to event outcomes. Results: Forty patients were eligible for analysis (8 PrM and 32 PoM). After introduction of ZA and CT, NTX and tumor markers declined in the overall cohort. Response profile was similar between menopausal groups at month 3 and at later time points (p-value for time-hormonal status interaction at month 3=0.957). Furthermore, tumor markers response profile was also equal between groups. Median time to first-line CT failure in PrM and PoM women was 15.2 and 17.4 months, respectively. No significant difference between groups was found, either using a univariate analysis or after controlling for visceral disease involvement (p=0.399 and 0.469, respectively). Likewise, no differences in survival were found. Conclusions: In this cohort, no differences were found in terms of NTX or tumor markers control according to menopausal status. Similarly, no difference in time to first-line CT failure or survival was found.

Universal banks and corporate control: Evidence from the global syndicated loan market

We investigate the effects of bank control over borrower firms whether by representation on boards of directors or by the holding of shares through bank asset management divisions. Using a large sample of syndicated loans, we find that banks are more likely to act as lead arrangers in loans when they exert some control over the borrower firm. Bank-firm governance links are associated with higher loan spreads during the 2003-2006 credit boom, but lower spreads during the 2007-2008 financial crisis. Additionally, these links mitigate credit rationing effects during the crisis. The results are robust to several methods to correct for the endogeneity of the bank- firm governance link. Our evidence, consistent with intertemporal smoothing of loan rates, suggests there are costs and benefits from banks’ involvement in firm governance.

Expectativas de responsabilidade filial e orientação da responsabilidade no cuidado aos idosos

RESUMO: Muitos desenvolvimentos demográficos e estruturais ocorreram nas relações intergeracionais, os quais provocaram um impacto nas ligações familiares, tais como o aumento da longevidade e as alterações da dinâmica estrutural e social da família, tendo sido colocado em causa a vitalidade das obrigações familiares e solidariedade familiar, nomeadamente entre pais e filhos adultos. Assim, com este estudo pretendeu-se verificar a presença de solidariedade entre pais e os seus filhos adultos, assim como as expectativas de responsabilidade filial dos pais e as suas opiniões e preferências no que se refere à orientação da responsabilidade para família/ serviços públicos no cuidado aos idosos. De forma a alcançar os objectivos, foi aplicado um questionário a 97 alunos, da Universidade Sénior da Póvoa de Santa Iria, com 55 ou mais anos e que tivessem pelo menos um filho adulto. Foi possível chegar à conclusão de que existe solidariedade entre pais e filhos adultos, assim como os pais consideram que existe uma responsabilidade mista (família/Estado) no cuidado aos idosos e que preferem os apoios formais em detrimento dos informais (familiares) – contrariando a orientação familística. Contudo, apesar disso continuam a apresentar expectativas elevadas em relação à responsabilidade que os filhos devem ter para com os pais, nomeadamente a nível da dimensão de apoio emocional, sendo a dimensão de apoio instrumental a excepção. Desta forma, é possível concluir que há uma tendência por parte da população inquirida em preferir a complementaridade de apoios formais e informais, com consequente especialização de tarefas: instrumental e emocional, respectivamente-----------ABSTRACT: Intergenerational relations have been affected by demographical and structural changes that had impact on family relationships. The increase in life expectancy and the changes in the families’ structural and social dynamics have put at risk the vitality of family obligations and solidarity, namely between parents and adult children. Therefore, this research aimed at studying the existence of solidarity between parents and adult children as well as the parents’ expectations towards their children’s responsibilities and their views and preferences on family and welfare state responsibility as far as elderly people are concerned. In order to achieve this, a questionnaire was devised and subsequently applied to 97 participants attending the Universidade Sénior in Póvoa de Santa Iria, aged 55 or older, with at least one adult child. The results indicate that there is solidarity between parents and adult children and that parents consider that both the family and the state should share the responsibility towards elderly people. Moreover, the study proves that formal support is preferred to the detriment of an informal one (family), which contradicts the familistic approach. However, parents evince high expectations as far as children responsibility towards them is concerned, specially in terms of emotional support. This does not apply, however, to the instrumental support domain. In conclusion, the study indicates that the participants tend to prefer the complementariness of formal and informal support with subsequent task specialisation: instrumental and emotional, respectively.

A família cuidadora perante a dependência do seu familiar idoso

RESUMO: O envelhecimento demográfico tem vindo a acentuar-se nas últimas décadas. É expectável um aumento mais acentuado no número de pessoas com mais de 80 anos, o que importará maiores custos médicos, mais suporte familiar e comunitário, maior probabilidade de cuidados de longa duração devido à prevalência de doenças crónicas. Conduzindo a uma maior procura de apoios formais e informais. A preocupação com aqueles que atingem idades avançadas tem vindo a suscitar inquietação face à urgência de necessidades de suporte, sentidas por familiares, amigos e vizinhos. A questão central que orientou este estudo diz respeito aos familiares cuidadores ou gestores de cuidados do seu familiar idoso dependente e ao idoso dependente. Procurei identificar quais as dificuldades sentidas e as estratégias desenvolvidas pela família cuidadora ou gestora dos cuidados prestados ao idoso dependente, descrever e caracterizar a dependência destes idosos. É um estudo transversal, exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Apliquei um questionário a 25 familiares cuidadores ou gestores dos cuidados a idosos dependentes, internados nos serviços de medicina e cirurgia de um hospital privado, Hospital CUF Descobertas, possuindo previamente alguma dependência. Dos dados obtidos ressalta que as principais dificuldades sentidas pelos familiares cuidadores ou gestores dos cuidados são essencialmente na gestão do tempo e a saúde do cuidador. Estratégias mais desenvolvidas foram o recurso a empregada doméstica e a outros familiares. Posso Concluir que há uma tendência preferencial por parte da família, na complementaridade de apoios informais e formais para prestar os cuidados ao idoso dependente no seio da família.------------ ABSTRACT: Demographic aging has risen progressively over the past decades. The number of people over the age of 80 years old is expected to increase considerably and surely result in the rise of medical costs, the growing need for additional community and family support, higher probability of long-term medical care due to the increased risk of chronic disease and the seeking of help regarding formal and informal support. The concern with persons that attain advanced age has brought about a certain degree of uneasiness regarding the urgency of the need of support systems felt by family members, friends, neighbours. The main topic that has steered this study pertains to the family caregivers or the care managers of dependant elderly relatives and dependant elderly persons. I endeavoured to identify encountered difficulties and the strategies undertaken by family caregivers or care managers in regard to the elderly dependant, to describe and characterize the nature of the dependency of these elderly persons. Furthermore, this study could be defined as being wide-reaching, exploratory and descriptive, by means of a qualitative and quantitative approach. I utilized a questionnaire that involved 25 family caregivers and care managers of dependant elderly (hospitalized in medical or surgery wards of private hospital, CUF Descobertas Hospital and suffering from some type of dependency). Conclusions: The main difficulties felt by family caregivers or care managers are primarily related to time management and the health of the caregiver. Let it be mentioned that more developed strategies were adopted such as the employment/recruitment of a housemaid and the help of other relatives. In sum, it can be concluded that there is a preferential tendency by families in seeking the complementarity of informal and formal support in order to provide the necessary care to the dependent elderly in the family environment.

Children, space, and the urban street: an ethnomathematics posture

Dissertation presented for the PhD Degree in Education Science – Curricular Theory and Science Teaching, by Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Control system for actuation and sensing in digital microfluidics devices

Digital Microfluidics (DMF) is a second generation technique, derived from the conventional microfluidics that instead of using continuous liquid fluxes, it uses only individual droplets driven by external electric signals. In this thesis a new DMF control/sensing system for visualization, droplet control (movement, dispensing, merging and splitting) and real time impedance measurement have been developed. The software for the proposed system was implemented in MATLAB with a graphical user interface. An Arduino was used as control board and dedicated circuits for voltage switching and contacts were designed and implemented in printed circuit boards. A high resolution camera was integrated for visualization. In our new approach, the DMF chips are driven by a dual-tone signal where the sum of two independent ac signals (one for droplet operations and the other for impedance sensing) is applied to the electrodes, and afterwards independently evaluated by a lock-in amplifier. With this new approach we were able to choose the appropriated amplitudes and frequencies for the different proposes (actuation and sensing). The measurements made were used to evaluate the real time droplet impedance enabling the knowledge of its position and velocity. This new approach opens new possibilities for impedance sensing and feedback control in DMF devices.