Chimpanzees Share Forbidden Fruit

PLoS ONE - www.plosone.org, V.9, e886

Biogenic amines in wine: gene transcription as a tool for selection of Oenococcus oeni starter strains

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

Non-clinical isolates bring new findings on enterococcal virulence

Dissertation presented to obtain the PhD degree in Biology

Food waste valorization through the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by mixed microbial cultures

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Investigation of the regulation mechanisms for bioplastics production from industrial residues

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Study on the valorization routes of ashes from thermoelectric power plants working under mono-and co-combustion regimes

Thesis submitted to obtain the Doctoral degree in Energy and Bioenergy

Constraint-based modelling of mixed microbial populations: Application to polyhydroxyalkanoates production

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Microbial contribution to biofuels production

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

Utilização de bactérias do ácido láctico como culturas protectoras em enchidos fermentados portugueses

As bactérias do ácido láctico (BAL) são conhecidas pela sua utilização em produtos cárneos fermentados, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de características sensoriais e melhoria da sua segurança, através de mecanismos naturais com inibição de bactérias deteriorativas e patogénicas. Esta capacidade é chamada de biopreservação, onde a microbiota natural ou a adicionada é usada para aumentar o tempo de prateleira do produto e a sua segurança. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de biopreservação de três estirpes de Lactobacillus, previamente isoladas de produtos cárneos fermentados, sendo caracterizado o seu potencial bacteriocinogénico contra diversos microrganismos patogénicos e deteriorativos que podem ser encontrados em produtos cárneos. Duas estirpes foram selecionadas para serem avaliadas em ensaios de antagonismo contra L. innocua, tendo sido inoculadas em massa tradicional de chouriço e em carne sem condimentações, com mimetização de suas fases de fabrico a 7 ºC e 20 ºC. Nesses ensaios a evolução da microbiota deteriorativa e tecnológica foi estudada assim como a capacidade de inibir Listeria sp. de forma a seleccionar as estirpes mais adequadas a participar em culturas protectoras. Face às diferentes condições de estudos pode-se concluir que as três estirpes testadas apresentaram potencial bacteriogénico para com a microbiota deteriorativa e patogénica. Dentre as duas estirpes testadas nos ensaios in vitro, a estirpe L. plantarum P3B7 apresentou resultados inibitórios de aeróbios totais a 30 ºC e Listeria innocua mais desejáveis em ambos os ensaios.

Fermentation of fruit juices by the osmotolerant yeast Candida magnoliae

This study focuses on the assessment of the fermentation conditions required to modulate the metabolic flux in the osmotolerant yeast Candida magnoliae and evaluate its potential to produce low-alcoholic and low-caloric fermented beverages. For that purpose, two strains, PYCC 2903 and PYCC 3191, were used and fermentation conditions as oxygenation, sugar concentration and the ratio of glucose to fructose were studied using synthetic culture media. Candida magnoliae PYCC 2903 was subsequently used to ferment real industrial fructose-rich substrates such as fruit juices. Sugar consumption profiles for C.magnoliae PYCC 2903 incubated aerobically in the presence of high fructose and glucose concentrations (15%, 10% and 5%) showed a selective utilization of fructose, denoting a preference for this sugar over glucose. The lower ratio between ethanol and sugar alcohols yield was obtained for both strains incubated under oxygen limitation simulating industrial fructose-rich substrates, confirming the ability of this yeast to direct fermentation towards alternative products. Enzymatic assays for hexokinase activity in terms of capacity and affinity for glucose and fructose were performed, aiming to elucidate its contribution to the fructophilic behaviour of this yeast. Enzymatic assays for both strains showed that the Vmax is two to threefold higher for fructose than for glucose but Km is also 10-20-fold higher for this sugar than for glucose. Hence, hexokinase kinetic properties do not explain fructophily in C.magnoliae. This indicates that fructose transport is probably determining in this respect, as observed for other fructophilic yeasts. Fruit juice fermentations with C.magnoliae PYCC 2903 revealed a potential for the production of beverages with interesting sensorial properties. Pear and peach fermentations exhibited the best results with the lowest ratio between ethanol and sugar alcohols yield and the most pleasant organoleptic features.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by photosynthetic mixed cultures

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural biologically synthesized polymers that have been the subject of much interest in the last decades due to their biodegradability. Thus far, its microbial production is associated with high operational costs, which increases PHA prices and limits its marketability. To address this situation, this thesis’ work proposes the utilization of photosynthetic mixed cultures (PMC) as a new PHA production system that may lead to a reduction in operational costs. In fact, the operational strategies developed in this work led to the selection of PHA accumulating PMCs that, unlike the traditional mixed microbial cultures, do not require aeration, thus permitting savings in this significant operational cost. In particular, the first PHA accumulating PMC tested in this work was selected under non-aerated illuminated conditions in a feast and famine regime, being obtained a consortium of bacteria and algae, where photosynthetic bacteria accumulated PHA during the feast phase and consumed it for growth during the famine phase, using the oxygen produced by algae. In this symbiotic system, a maximum PHA content of 20% cell dry weight (cdw) was reached, proving for the first time, the capacity of a PMC to accumulate PHA. During adaptation to dark/light alternating conditions, the culture decreased its algae content but maintained its viability, achieving a PHA content of 30% cdw. Also, the PMC was found to be able to utilize different volatile fatty acids for PHA production, accumulating up to 20% cdw of a PHA co-polymer composed of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) monomers. Finally, a new selective approach for the enrichment of PMCs in PHA accumulating bacteria was tested. Instead of imposing a feast and famine regime, a permanent feast regime was used, thus selecting a PMC that was capable of simultaneously growing and accumulating PHA, being attained a maximum PHA content of 60% cdw, the highest value reported for a PMC thus far. The results presented in this thesis prospect the utilization of cheap, VFA-rich fermented wastes as substrates for PHA production, which combined with this new photosynthetic technology opens up the possibility for direct sunlight illumination, leading to a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable PHA production process.