Matching CO2 large point sources and potential geological storage sites in mainland Portugal

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Perfil Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais

Behavioural development in a matching-to-sample task and token use by an infant chimpanzee reared by his mother

Animal Cognition, V.6, pp. 259–267

A MOSFET-only wideband LNA exploiting thermal noise canceling and gain optimization

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Constituição da baseline para projectos de carbono no Parque Natural da Cufada no âmbito do mecanismo REDD+

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil de Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais

A Subversão do Discurso Colonial em Wide Sargasso Sea

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas, Área de Especialização em Estudos Ingleses e Norte-Americanos

História da Arte na World Wide Web

in Varia, Revista do IHA, N.3 (2007), pp.328-331

História da Arte na World Wide Web (II)

in Varia, Revista do IHA, N.4 (2007), pp.379-382

Automatic delimitation of the clinical region of interest in ultra-wide field of view images of the retina

Retinal ultra-wide field of view images (fundus images) provides the visu-alization of a large part of the retina though, artifacts may appear in those images. Eyelashes and eyelids often cover the clinical region of interest and worse, eye-lashes can be mistaken with arteries and/or veins when those images are put through automatic diagnosis or segmentation software creating, in those cases, the appearance of false positives results. Correcting this problem, the first step in the development of qualified auto-matic diseases diagnosis programs can be done and in that way the development of an objective tool to assess diseases eradicating the human error from those processes can also be achieved. In this work the development of a tool that automatically delimitates the clinical region of interest is proposed by retrieving features from the images that will be analyzed by an automatic classifier. This automatic classifier will evaluate the information and will decide which part of the image is of interest and which part contains artifacts. The results were validated by implementing a software in C# language and validated through a statistical analysis. From those results it was confirmed that the methodology presented is capable of detecting artifacts and selecting the clin-ical region of interest in fundus images of the retina.

electronic payments in mozambique: A Baseline on their adoption in Maputo and Matola

This study analyses the access and use of financial services by small business owners in the cities of Mozambique, as an important tool for boosting economic growth and diminishing inequality. It correlates owners’ and business characteristics with the probability of adopting Points-of-Sale (POS), Mobile Banking and Mobile Money in everyday transactions. The main findings highlight that what mostly affects the use of POS is the size of business and the volume of transactions (positively correlated with POS adoption), while using mobile phone technologies for payments predominantly depends on the owner’s age and whether he/she is a frequent cellphone user. Moreover, to increase the use of electronic means of payment it is necessary to increase financial literacy and improve the banking services.

Intervenção da fisioterapia em indíviduos com osteoartrose do joelho: características da prática clínica, resultados obtidos e fatores de prognóstico para os resultados de sucesso

RESUMO:Introdução: O conhecimento acerca da prática da Fisioterapia, bem como a influência das características dos indivíduos com Osteoartrose do joelho (OA) no prognóstico dos resultados alcançados com a Fisioterapia, tem sido alvo de estudo em vários países. No entanto em Portugal, estudos desta natureza são escassos ou inexistentes. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve dois principais objetivos: Por um lado pretendeu caracterizar a prática da Fisioterapia e determinar os seus resultados em indivíduos com OA do joelho ao nível da intensidade da dor, incapacidade funcional e perceção global de melhoria; Por outro, identificar fatores preditivos para os resultados de sucesso após a intervenção da Fisioterapia. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospetivo com 77 participantes que foram avaliados antes e após a intervenção (8 semanas), com um follow-up de 3 meses. Procedeu-se à caracterização da prática da Fisioterapia quanto às modalidades utilizadas, número de sessões de tratamento e duração do episódio de cuidados. Os resultados obtidos foram medidos após intervenção (8 semanas) e num follow-up (3 meses), através da Escala Numérica da Dor (END), da versão Portuguesa do Questionário Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-PT), e da versão Portuguesa da Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGIC-PT). As características sociodemográficas e clínicas foram incluídas como potenciais fatores de prognóstico com base no critério de pontuação ≥5 na PGIC-PT e a análise dos dados foi realizada através do método de regressão logística multivariado no sentido de identificar as associações entre as variáveis na baseline e as variáveis de resultado (p<0.05). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos revelaram que existe uma grande diversidade de modalidades e procedimentos terapêuticos realizados pelos fisioterapeutas no tratamento da OA do joelho (em média 4 modalidades por utente), sendo os exercícios, a eletroterapia e a terapia manual, as intervenções mais frequentemente realizadas. Os resultados da intervenção revelaram uma redução significativa da intensidade da dor e da incapacidade funcional (medida pelas diferentes dimensões da KOOS-PT) às 8 semanas e aos 3 meses (p=0,001). A probabilidade de obter bons resultados na percepção de melhoria para realizar actividades da vida diária, está significativamente associada com a pontuação na dimensão KOOS AVD (OR=1,106, 95% IC 1,056-1,159) e com a intensidade da dor, (OR=0,543, 95% IC 0,300-0,983), na baseline. A probabilidade de obter bons resultados na percepção de melhoria relativa à dor, está significativamente associada com a pontuação na dimensão KOOS DOR (OR=1,116, 95% IC 1,030-1,209), e dimensão KOOS ADL (OR=1,123, 95% IC 1,014-1,243), na baseline. Conclusões: Os resultados do presente estudo revelam que a intervenção em Fisioterapia em casos de OA do joelho, apesar de utilizar uma grande diversidade de modalidades terapêuticas, proporciona uma redução significativa dos níveis de dor e incapacidade funcional em utentes com OA do joelho. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem ainda que o sucesso da intervenção pode ser predito a partir de variáveis clinicas na baseline.------------ABSTRACT:Introduction: The knowledge about the practice of physical therapy, as well as the influence of the characteristics of subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the prognosis of the results achieved with physiotherapy, have been studied in several countries. However in Portugal, such studies are scarce or nonexistent. Objective: This study had two main aims: on one hand sought to characterize the practice of physical therapy and determine their outcomes in subjects with OA of the knee joint at the level of pain intensity, functional disability and global perception of improvement; Secondly, to identify predictive factors for successful outcomes after the intervention of physiotherapy. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study with 77 participants who were evaluated before and after the intervention (8 weeks), with a follow-up of 3 months. Proceeded to characterize the practice of physical therapy as modalities used, number of treatment sessions and duration of the period of care. The results were measured after intervention (8 weeks) and a follow-up (3 months) by a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), the Portuguese version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Questionnaire Outcome Score (KOOS-PT) and the Patient Global Impression of Change Scale- Portuguese Version (PGIC-PT). The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were included as potential prognostic factors based on scoring criteria≥5 na PGIC-PT and data analysis was performed using the method of multivariate logistic regression to identify associations between variables at baseline and outcome variables (p<0.05). Results: The results revealed that there is a great diversity of modalities and therapeutic procedures performed by physiotherapists in the treatment of knee OA (average 4 per user modes), with exercises, electrotherapy and manual therapy interventions most frequently performed. The results of intervention showed a significant reduction in the severity of pain and functional disability (measured by the different dimensions of the KOOS-PT) at 8 weeks and at 3 months (p = 0.001). The probability of getting good results in the perception of improvement to perform activities of daily living, is significantly associated with scores on the dimension KOOS ADL (OR=1,106, 95% CI 1,056-1,159) and the intensity of pain (OR = 0.543, 95% CI 0.300 to 0.983) at baseline. The probability of getting good results in the perception of improvement of the pain is significantly associated with scores on the KOOS PAIN (OR = 1.116, 95% CI 1.030 to 1.209) and KOOS ADL (OR = 1.123, 95% CI 1.014 to 1.243) at the baseline. Conclusions: The results of this study show that Physiotherapy treatment in cases of knee OA, provide a significant reduction of pain and disability among users with knee OA, despite the wide variety of therapeutic modalities. The results of this study also suggest that the success of the intervention can be predicted from clinical variables at baseline.

Assessment by doppler ultrasound of entheseal lesions in spondyloarthritis : a longitudial study to determine structural damage and disease activity lesions

RESUMO: Enthesitis is the hallmark of spondyloarthritis (SpA), and is observed in all subtypes. Wide information on SpA abnormalities, including synovitis, tendinitis and enthesitis, can be efficiently perceived by Doppler ultrasound. Furthermore, several studies on imaging of enthesis showed that imaging techniques are better than clinical examination to detect enthesis alterations; and vascularized enthesitis detected by Doppler ultrasound appears to be a valuable diagnostic tool to confirm SpA diagnosis. However, data published until now concerning entheseal elementary alterations that characterize SpA enthesitis (enthesis inflammatory activity) or enthesopathy (permanent structural changes) reflect rather the authors’ empiric opinion than a methodological validation process. In this sense it seems crucial to identify elementary entheseal lesions associated with activity or damage, in order to improve monitoring and treatment response in SpA patients. The development of better assessment tools is today a challenge and a need in SpA. The first study of this thesis focused on the analysis of the reliability of inter-lector and inter-ultrasonography equipment of Madrid sonography enthesitis index (MASEI). Fundamental data for the remaining unrolling project validity. In the second and third studies we concerned about two entheseal elemental lesions: erosions and bursa. In literature erosions represent a permanent structural damage, being useful for monitoring joint injury, disease activity and therapeutic response in many rheumatic diseases; and to date, this concept has been mostly applied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Unquestionably, erosion is a tissue-related damage and a structural change. However, the hypothesis that we decided to test was if erosions represent a permanent structural change that can only grow and worsen over time, as occurs in RA, or a transitory alteration. A longitudinal study of early SpA patients was undertaken, and the Achilles enthesis was used as a model. Our results strongly suggested that previously detected erosions could disappear during the course of the disease, being consistent with the dynamic behavior of erosion over time. Based on these striking results it seems reasonable to suggest that the new-bone formation process in SpA could be associated with the resolution of cortical entheseal erosion over time. These results could also be in agreement with the apparent failure of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapies to control bone proliferation in SpA; and with the relation of TNF-α, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1) and the regulatory molecule of the Wnt signaling pathway in the bone proliferation in SpA. In the same model, we then proceeded to study the enthesis bursa. Interestingly, the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) enthesopathy definition does not include bursa as an elementary entheseal lesion. Nonetheless, bursa was included in 46% of the enthesis studies in a recently systematic literature review, being in agreement with the concept of “synovio-entheseal complex” that includes the link between enthesitis and osteitis in SpA. It has been clarified in recent data that there is not only a close functional integration of the enthesis with the neighboring bone, but also a connection between enthesitis and synovitis. Therefore, we tried to assess the prevalence and relevance of the bursa-synovial lesion in SpA. Our findings showed a significant increase of Achilles bursa presence and thickness in SpA patients compared to controls (healthy/mechanical controls and RA controls). These results raise awareness to the need to improve the enthesopathy ultrasonographic definition. In the final work of this thesis, we have explored new perspectives, not previously reported, about construct validity of enthesis ultrasound as a possible activity outcome in SpA. We performed a longitudinal Achilles enthesis ultrasound study in patients with early SpA. Achilles ultrasound examinations were performed at baseline, six- and twelve-month time periods and compared with clinical outcome measures collected at basal visit. Our results showed that basal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are higher in patients with Doppler signal in enthesis, and even that higher basal ESR, CRP and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) predicted a higher Doppler signal (an ultrasound alteration accepted as representative of inflammation) six months later. Patients with very high disease activity assessed by ASDAS (>3.5) at baseline had significantly higher Achilles total ultrasound score verified at the same time; and ASDAS <1.3 predicted no Doppler signal at six and twelve months. This seems to represent a connection between classical biomarkers and clinical outcomes associated with SpA activity and Doppler signal, not only at the same time, but also for the following months. Remarkably, patients with inactive disease (ASDAS < 1.3) at baseline had no Doppler signal at six and twelve months. These findings reinforce the potential use of ultrasound related techniques for disease progression assessment and prognosis purposes. Intriguingly, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) didn’t show significant differences between different cut-offs concerning ultrasound lesions or Doppler signal, while verified with ASDAS. These results seem to indicate that ASDAS reflects better than BASDAI what happens in the enthesis. The work herein discussed clearly shows the potential utility of ultrasound in enthesis assessment in SpA patients, and can be important for the development of ultrasound activity and structural damage scores for diagnosis and monitoring purposes. Therefore, local promotion of this technique constitutes a medical intervention that is worth being tested in SpA patients for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis purposes.