Geodynamics of the eastern sector of the Arrábida chain (W Portugal)

N.º4, p.263-267

Efeito de flutuações de composição química nas transformações dos aços: aplicação a um aço-ferramenta DIN X 38 CrMoV 51

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciência dos Materiais, especialidade de Metalurgia, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Mo and W bis-MGD enzymes: nitrate reductases and formate dehydrogenases

J Biol Inorg Chem (2004) 9: 791–799 DOI 10.1007/s00775-004-0573-9

Using an LED as a sensor and visible light communication device in a smart illumination system

The need for more efficient illumination systems has led to the proliferation of Solid-State Lighting (SSL) systems, which offer optimized power consumption. SSL systems are comprised of LED devices which are intrinsically fast devices and permit very fast light modulation. This, along with the congestion of the radio frequency spectrum has paved the path for the emergence of Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems. VLC uses free space to convey information by using light modulation. Notwithstanding, as VLC systems proliferate and cost competitiveness ensues, there are two important aspects to be considered. State-of-the-art VLC implementations use power demanding PAs, and thus it is important to investigate if regular, existent Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) circuits can be adapted for VLC use. A 28 W buck regulator was implemented using a off-the-shelf LED Driver integrated circuit, using both series and parallel dimming techniques. Results show that optical clock frequencies up to 500 kHz are achievable without any major modification besides adequate component sizing. The use of an LED as a sensor was investigated, in a short-range, low-data-rate perspective. Results show successful communication in an LED-to-LED configuration, with enhanced range when using LED strings as sensors. Besides, LEDs present spectral selective sensitivity, which makes them good contenders for a multi-colour LED-to-LED system, such as in the use of RGB displays and lamps. Ultimately, the present work shows evidence that LEDs can be used as a dual-purpose device, enabling not only illumination, but also bi-directional data communication.

Impact of carbon/nitrogen feeding strategy on polyhydroxyalkanoates production using mixed microbial cultures

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using mixed microbial cultures (MMC) requires a multi-stage process involving the microbial selection of PHA-storing microorganisms, typically operated in sequencing batch reactors (SBR), and an accumulation reactor. Since low-cost renewable feedstocks used as process feedstock are often nitrogen-deficient, nutrient supply in the selection stage is required to allow for microbial growth. In this context, the possibility to uncouple nitrogen supply from carbon feeding within the SBR cycle has been investigated in this study. Moreover, three different COD:N ratios (100:3.79, 100:3.03 and 100:2.43) were tested in three different runs which also allowed the study of COD:N ratio on the SBR performance. For each run, a synthetic mixture of acetic and propionic acids at an overall organic load rate of 8.5 gCOD L-1 d-1 was used as carbon feedstock, whereas ammonium sulfate was the nitrogen source in a lab-scale sequence batch reactor (SBR) with 1 L of working volume. Besides, a sludge retention time (SRT) of 1 d was used as well as a 6 h cycle length. The uncoupled feeding strategy significantly enhanced the selective pressure towards PHA-storing microorganisms, resulting in a two-fold increase in the PHA production (up to about 1.3 gCOD L-1). A high storage response was observed for the two runs with the COD:N ratios (gCOD:gN) of 100:3.79 and 100:3.03, whereas the lowest investigated nitrogen load resulted in very poor performance in terms of polymer production. In fact, strong nitrogen limitation caused fungi to grow and a very poor storage ability by microorganisms that thrived in those conditions. The COD:N ratio also affected the polymer composition, indeed the produced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) showed a variable HV content (1-20 %, w/w) among the three runs, lessening as the COD:N increased. This clearly suggests the possibility to use the COD:N ratio as a tool for tuning polymer properties regardless the composition of the feedstock.

Contribuição da detecção remota para a prospecção de jazigos de Sn, W e Au na região de Góis

A presente dissertação pretende utilizar técnicas de detecção remota como ferramenta na prospecção de jazigos de estanho, volfrâmio e ouro em Portugal Continental. O facto de ser relativamente comum a coexistência de mineralizações estano-volframíticas com mineralizações auro-argentíferas nas regiões centro e norte de Portugal, associado à importância estratégica e económica destes metais, tanto a nível nacional, como europeu, faz destas regiões um dos mais apetecíveis alvos para a prospecção e exploração mineira em Portugal. No contexto português, as ferramentas de detecção remota têm vindo a ser aplicadas com alguma regularidade e nas mais diversas temáticas das Geociências. Contudo, exceptuando alguns trabalhos, principalmente dos anos oitenta e noventa, são escassos os casos conhecidos da aplicação específica da detecção remota na prospecção de recursos minerais metálicos em Portugal. Assim, através da utilização de critérios de fotointerpretação, da aplicação de técnicas de processamento digital a imagens de satélite, assim como da integração dos resultados obtidos com dados de cartografia geológica, de altimetria e geofísicos, pretende-se a selecção de zonas potencialmente relacionadas com a ocorrência dos referidos metais na região de Góis-Castanheira de Pêra. A selecção das zonas potenciais tem como objectivo a escolha de alvos para posterior estudo em pormenor, cujo alcance já não é abrangido pelo âmbito desta dissertação. Para além da aplicação das técnicas de detecção remota e da integração de diferentes fontes de informação em ambiente SIG, foram realizados trabalhos de campo com o intuito de permitir a validação preliminar dos resultados obtidos.