Les Plus Anciens Mastodontes Tetralophodontes (Langhien inférieur Vb), évolution et remarques sur la Tetralophodontie

This study deals with mastodont teeth found near Lisbon in Lower Langhian (lower Middle Miocene) fluviatile, feldspathic sands (Vb division). Conclusions are as follows: 1. Tetralophodont molars (even if at a still primitive stade of the tetralophodont condition) do exist at least since lower Langhian times, and not only since late Middle Miocene as was previously known. 2. Tri- and tetralophodont structures may (and indeed do) coexist in the same individual: such examples do not correspond to transitional forms, but instead to a mosaic of juxtaposed characters (however this does not mean there are no transitional forms in other instances). 3. So these structures coexisted in a population not yet genetically separated beyond fertile cross-breeding, i.e. beyond species' level. 4. Origin of the tetralophodont molar was due to some mutation (s). but without crossing species, limits and even more genus'ones. 5. At this times probably soon after the first appearance of tetralophodont mutants, animals with such characters were a small but significant minority among the population (17% if account is taken on D4's: only 2% after M2's). 6. There was not then any direct and clear correlation between number of lophs (transversal crests) and tooth size, even if the increase of such number goes along with length's increase. 7. Dimensions (length in special) in tetralophodont teeth tend to exceed those in «normal» trilophodont teeth, this being particularly clear in D4, even if there is no clear distinction: the situation is quite the same, maybe less marked, with the M2. 8. According to the preceding conclusions there are no reasons to segregate different taxa among such mastodont population on the grounds of the presence in D4, M1 and M2 of 3 or 4 crests (this character being regarded as diagnostic of the genus Tetralophodon). 9. On the contrary, if any natural (in biological sense) classification is disregarded and a morphological parataxonomy is adopted there should be considered both Gomphotherium angustidens and Tetralophodon sp.: however this is absolutely not our opinion.

Notes sur la géologie et la paleontology du Miocène de Lisbonne; (XX) les plus anciens mastodontes tetralophodontes (Langhien inférieur Vb), évolution et remarques sur la tetralophodontie

This study deals with mastodont teeth found near Lisbon in Lower Langhian (lower Middle Miocene) fluviatile, feldspathic sands (Vb division). Conclusions are as follows: 1. Tetralophodont molars (even if at a still primitive stade of the tetralophodont condition) do exist at least since lower Langhian times, and not only since late Middle Miocene as was previously known. 2. Tri- and tetralophodont structures may (and indeed do) coexist in the same individual: such examples do not correspond to transitional forms, but instead to a mosaic of juxtaposed characters (however this does not mean there are no transitional forms in other instances). 3. So these structures coexisted in a population not yet geneticaliy separated beyond fertile cross-breeding, i.e. beyond species'level. 4. Origin of the tetralophodont molar was due to some mutation (s). but without crossing species, limits and even more genus' ones. 5. At this times probably soon after the first appearance of tetralophodont mutants, animals with such characters were a small but signifiant minority among the population (17% if account is taken on D4's: only 2% after M2's). 6. There was not then any direct and clear correlation between number of lophs (transversal crests) and tooth size, even if the increase of such number goes along with length's increase. 7. Dimensions (length in special) in tetralophodont teeth tend to exceed those in «normal» trilophodont teeth, this being particularly clear in D4, even if there is no clear distinction: the situation is quite the same, maybe less marked, with the M2. 8. According to the preceding conclusions there are no reasons to segregate different taxa among such mastodont population on the grounds of the presence in D4, M1 and M2 of 3 or 4 crests (this character being regarded as diagnostic of the genus Tetralophodon). 9. On the contrary, if any natural (in biological sense) classification is disregarded and a morphological parataxonomy is adopted there should be considered both Gomphotherium angustidens and Tetralophodon sp.: however this is absolutely not our opinion.

Restos de Anchitherium de Lisboa, Portugal

The Anchitherium remains from several Portuguese localities placed on IVb and Vb (Lisbon area) levels are studied. They are compared with the French and Spanish remains, and particularly with those from the Madrid basin. They are identified as Anchitherium cf. A. ezquerrae from the Vb level remains, because the remains are very scarce.

Petri net model decomposition - a model based approach supporting distributed execution

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica, Especialidade de Sistemas Digitais, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Money for nothing?: The net costs of medical training

A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Petri net based development of globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous distributed embedded systems

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Net metering: definição de metodologia e estudo de caso

Face à crise económica e financeira, o setor fotovoltaico português tem sofrido diversas condicionantes, na sua maioria políticas, assistindo-se a uma alteração nos regimes de micro e minigeração. Com as tarifas de referência a sofrerem reduções drásticas nos últimos dois anos, os regimes bonificados deixaram de ser economicamente viáveis e interessantes do ponto de vista do consumidor. Esta situação está a pôr em causa as empresas que atuam no setor, assim como o desenvolvimento do próprio mercado fotovoltaico português. Torna-se assim necessário encontrar alternativas aos regimes bonificados, que relancem o setor e que permitam às empresas continuar a trabalhar. Uma dessas alternativas passa pela regulamentação da instalação de unidades de autoconsumo, nomeadamente com soluções de net metering. Dada a região privilegiada onde se encontra Portugal, e ao facto de já ter atingido a paridade de rede solar, o país depara-se com uma oportunidade única para o desenvolvimento da tecnologia fotovoltaica através da implementação de regimes de autoconsumo que interessa avaliar. Neste contexto, desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta informática, que permite, face a um determinado consumidor, avaliar a viabilidade económica e técnica de implementação de soluções de net metering. Uma vez que os resultados são fortemente dependentes da aplicação visada, este trabalho é baseado em dois estudos de caso – setor comercial e residencial – compreendendo a análise de dados reais já existentes e a recolha de dados no terreno. Nesta dissertação, é ainda feito um levantamento sobre os quadros legislativos atualmente vigentes a nível internacional, que regulam o mecanismo de net metering.

The determinants of net interest margins & net interest spreads in the Russian & Japanese Commercial Banking sectors

This study presents an empirical investigation of the determinants of net interest margins and spreads in the Russian and Japanese banking sectors with a particular focus on commercial banks. Net interest mar-gins and spreads serve as indicators of financial intermediation efficiency. This paper employed a bank-level unbalanced panel dataset prolonging from 2005 to 2014. My main empirical results show that bank characteristics explain the most of the variation in not only net interest margins but also in spreads. Capi-talization, liquidity risk, inflation, economic growth, private and government debt are important determi-nants of margin in Russia. In Japan to the contrary loan and deposit market concentration along with bank size do predominate. Common significant variables in both countries are the substitution effect, cost effi-ciency and profitability. Turning to net interest spreads, micro- and macro-specific variables are the main significant drivers in Russia. I reach the conclusion that there are no significant determinants of net interest spreads in Japan within the original selection of variables, but operating efficiency and deposits to total funding seem to prevail. In both countries, there are solid differences in the net interest margins as well as spreads once the pre- and the post-crisis periods are considered.

Conteúdo em Polifenóis totais do vinho em contacto com aparas de madeira e subsequentes características colorimétricas

Neste trabalho fez-se o estudo do conteúdo de polifenóis totais (PT) por reação de Folin-Ciocalteau e das características colorimétricas por espetrofotometria e colorimetria de dois tipos de vinho: branco (Vb) e tinto (Vt) e o estudo evolutivo das mesmas características em soluções hidroalcoólicas (SH), miméticas ao vinho em teor alcoólico e pH. Tanto os vinhos como as soluções estiveram em contacto com vários tipos de espécies botânicas com potencial interesse enológico: Acácia (AC), Cerejeira (CJ), Castanheiro (CT) e Carvalho (CN) em concentrações de 50 g/L, 2 g/L e 6 g/L para as SH, Vb e Vt respetivamente todas elas com quatro graus de queima e duas morfologias: aparas e dominós (apenas SH). As SH-aparas estiveram 11 dias em contacto com as madeiras onde ao final do dia 9 se registou um teor de PT de 1128 (AC), 321 (CJ), 2346 (CT) e 1815 (CN) mg GEA/L para todos com queima ligeira, à exceção de castanheiro, que obteve o máximo na madeira sem queima. Nas SH-dominós o máximo de PT registou-se em carvalho sem queima com 1897 mg GAE/L, quando em contacto com a madeira num período superior a 9 meses. O estudo dos PT nos vinhos mostrou que as madeiras são capazes de os enriquecer com este tipo de compostos registando-se um aumento máximo de 74,44 mg GAE/L e de 979,93 mg GAE/L para os Vb e Vt respetivamente. No estudo colorimétrico por espetrofotometria foram avaliados os parâmetros CIELab de todas as SH e observou-se que L* (luminosidade) tende a diminuir com o grau de queima e com o tempo para todas as madeiras. O parâmetro a* (verde/vermelho) em AC e CJ diminui com os dias e com o grau de queima representando uma diminuição da componente vermelha. O inverso é observado em CT e CN. Por fim, b* (azul/amarelo) tende a aumentar em todas as SH com os dias e a queima tornando a solução mais amarela. Comparando os vinhos com as suas testemunhas, em Vb L* e b* aumentam refletindo-se num aumento da cor amarela e a* é mantido. Nos Vt, L* diminui quando na presença das madeiras e a* e b* aumentam acrescendo a sua componente vermelha. Fez-se a avaliação de alguns voláteis das SH por GC/MS onde foram encontrados compostos com interesses organoléticos como é o caso da lactona do whisky nalgumas graus de queima para as espécies botânicas de cerejeira e carvalho.