10 resultados para Societal transition


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Este trabalho, centralizado nos subsistemas dos ensinos secundário e superior, examina as práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos detentores de fracos recursos socioeconómicos em Luanda (Angola), no período pós-colonial, em articulação com um conjunto de elementos que constituem as condições de escolarização. A análise destas práticas efectua-se num quadro de referências teóricas inter-relacionadas. Uma abordagem teórica inicial integra (i) os processos de transição (económica e sociopolítica) e de construção de Estado, e (ii) a educação, a análise estratégica e as representações sociais. Outras referências teóricas, incluindo desigualdades sociais e educativas, relação escola-família, projectos e expectativas escolares e sociais, decisão escolar, investimento em educação escolar, são mobilizadas no desenrolar da investigação. Esta fundamentação teórica, de carácter sociológico e focada na perspectiva da sociologia da educação, permite revelar os constrangimentos que condicionam a escolarização dos alunos e a sua qualidade de actores sociais, detentores de capacidades de leitura crítica da realidade escolar, de projecção e antecipação do futuro, e de decisão e acção. A metodologia seguida combina diversos métodos e técnicas. As pesquisas de terreno concretizam-se através da análise de documentos pertinentes (documentos oficiais, bibliografia de carácter monográfico sobre Angola, bibliografia crítica sobre a problemática em estudo) e de dados dos inquéritos por questionários e por entrevistas não-dirigidas (individuais e de grupo) administrados a alunos e, no caso destes últimos, também a técnicos do Ministério da Educação, professores e famílias. Os resultados permitem argumentar que as práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos detentores de fracos recursos socioeconómicos se explicam por factores que constituem as condições de escolarização, elas próprias influenciadas pela forte valorização que os mesmos alunos fazem da educação escolar. Mais especificamente, as condições de escolarização constrangedoras (constrangimentos das realidades económicas, sociopolíticas e educativas do país; debilidades das condições socioeconómicas dos alunos e dificuldades que marcam os seus percursos escolares; representações pouco positivas das suas escolas e das interacções escola-família), a par daquelas outras facilitadoras (ambiciosos projectos/expectativas escolares e profissionais dos alunos), influenciadas pela forte valorização da educação escolar, motivam e promovem decisões e acções de alunos que visam melhorar os seus processos de escolarização e as suas perspectivas profissionais. Os alunos emergem enquanto actores relativamente autónomos e criativos, capazes de cálculo, manipulação e adaptação aos contextos adversos. Este estudo fornece um modelo explicativo que melhora a compreensão das práticas educativas estratégicas de alunos (angolanos) de fracos recursos socioeconómicos, das suas condições de escolarização, e das suas capacidades de influenciarem e transformarem as realidades socioeconómicas, políticas e educativas em que se inserem; identifica um elemento decisivo de resiliência dos alunos aos constrangimentos e desafios que enfrentam no campo do ensino: o forte investimento na educação escolar, traduzido em práticas educativas estratégicas; aponta outras orientações de pesquisas passíveis de melhorar o conhecimento das realidades socioeducativas angolanas, incluindo práticas educativas de outros actores educativos, como famílias e professores.

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The Upper Cenomanian and Lower Turonian ammonite assemblages from the onshore sectors of the West Portuguese Margin are reviewed after new studies on the type section of Figueira da Foz, and correlative sections of Baixo Mondego. The faunal succession shows a strong contribution of vascoceratids and other ammonites with North African and Tethyan affinities. Euomphaloceras septemseriatum (Cragin, 1893), Kamerunoceras douvillei (Pervinquere, 1907), Fagesia catinus (Mantell, 1822), Neoptychites cephalotus (Courtiller, 1860), and Thomasites rollandi (Thomas & Peron, 1889) are for the first time mentioned to Portugal. The Upper Cenomanian is recognised after a set of 3 assemblage zones: Neolobites vibrayeanus z., Euomphaloceras septemseriatum z ., and Pseudaspidoceras pseudonodosoides z. The carbonate succession shows an important unconformity across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, associated to subaerial exposure, and to the development of a palaeokarst over Upper Cenomanian units. The first Lower Turonian carbonates are yielded a single but diverse ammonite assemblage of middle Lower Turonian age (Thomasites rollandi z.). This biozone was previously recognised in Central Tunisia by G. Chancellor et al. (1994).

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With the emergence of a global division of labour, the internationalisation of markets and cultures, the growing power of supranational organisations and the spread of new information technologies to every field of life, it starts to appear a different kind of society, different from the industrial society, and called by many as ‘the knowledge-based economy’, emphasizing the importance of information and knowledge in many areas of work and organisation of societies. Despite the common trends of evolution, these transformations do not necessarily produce a convergence of national and regional social and economic structures, but a diversity of realities emerging from the relations between economic and political context on one hand and the companies and their strategies on the other. In this sense, which future can we expect to the knowledge economy? How can we measure it and why is it important? This paper will present some results from the European project WORKS – Work organisation and restructuring in the knowledge society (6th Framework Programme), focusing the future visions and possible future trends in different countries, sectors and industries, given empirical evidences of the case studies applied in several European countries, underling the importance of foresight exercises to design policies, prevent uncontrolled risks and anticipate alternatives, leading to different ‘knowledge economies’ and not to the ‘knowled

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The present article is based on the report for the Doctoral Conference of the PhD programme in Technology Assessment, held at FCT-UNL Campus, Monte de Caparica, June 9th, 2011. The PhD thesis has the supervision of Prof. António Moniz (FCT-UNL and ITAS-KIT), and co-supervision of Prof. Manuel Seabra Pereira and Prof. Rosário Macário (both from IST-UTL).

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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

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APS, Journals Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 111, Issue 24

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Estuaries and other transitional waters are complex ecosystems critically important as nursery and shelter areas for organisms. Also, humans depend on estuaries for multiple socio-economical activities such as urbanism, tourism, heavy industry, (taking advantage of shipping), fisheries and aquaculture, the development of which led to strong historical pressures, with emphasis on pollution. The degradation of estuarine environmental quality implies ecologic, economic and social prejudice, hence the importance of evaluating environmental quality through the identification of stressors and impacts. The Sado Estuary (SW Portugal) holds the characteristics of industrialized estuaries, which results in multiple adverse impacts. Still, it has recently been considered moderately contaminated. In fact, many studies were conducted in the past few years, albeit scattered due to the absence of true biomonitoring programmes. As such, there is a need to integrate the information, in order to obtain a holistic perspective of the area able to assist management and decision-making. As such, a geographical information system (GIS) was created based on sediment contamination and biomarker data collected from a decade-long time-series of publications. Four impacted and a reference areas were identified, characterized by distinct sediment contamination patterns related to different hot spots and diffuse sources of toxicants. The potential risk of sediment-bound toxicants was determined by contrasting the levels of pollutants with available sediment quality guidelines, followed by their integration through the Sediment Quality guideline Quotient (SQG-Q). The SQG-Q estimates per toxicant or class was then subjected to georreferencing and statistical analyses between the five distinct areas and seasons. Biomarker responses were integrated through the Biomarkers Consistency Indice and georreferenced as well through GIS. Overall, in spite of the multiple biological traits surveyed, the biomarker data (from several organisms) are accordant with sediment contamination. The most impacted areas were the shipyard area and adjacent industrial belt, followed by urban and agricultural grounds. It is evident that the estuary, although globally moderately impacted, is very heterogeneous and affected by a cocktail of contaminants, especially metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Although elements (like copper, zinc and even arsenic) may originate from the geology of the hydrographic basin of the Sado River, the majority of the remaining contaminants results from human activities. The present work revealed that the estuary should be divided into distinct biogeographic units, in order to implement effective measures to safeguard environmental quality.

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Paper presented at the Colloquium Gerpisa 2013, Paris (http://gerpisa.org/node/2085), Session n°: 19 New kinds of mobility: old and new business models

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Scarcity of fuels, changes in environmental policy and in society increased the interest in generating electric energy from renewable energy sources (RES) for a sustainable energy supply in the future. The main problem of RES as solar and wind energy, which represent a main pillar of this transition, is that they cannot supply constant power output. This results inter alia in an increased demand of backup technologies as batteries to assure electricity system safety. The diffusion of energy storage technologies is highly dependent on the energy system and transport transition pathways which might lead to a replacement or reconfiguration of embedded socio-technical practices and regimes (by creating new standards or dominant designs, changing regulations, infrastructure and user patterns). The success of this technology is dependent on hardly predictable future technical advances, actor preferences, development of competing technologies and designs, diverging interests of actors, future cost efficiencies, environmental performance, the evolution of market demand and design and evolution of our society.

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Based on the report for the unit “Foresight Analysis Methods” of the PhD program on Technology Assessment in 2013. This unit was supervised by Prof. António Moniz. The paper had meanwhile contributions from the supervisor and Dr. Douglas Robinson.