Produção de misturas betuminosas a quente com incorporação de material fresado

A incorporação de materiais reciclados na construção de estradas, como substituição de materiais virgens é percebida como uma oportunidade de economizar recursos, e evitar o impacto associado à sua extração e transporte. Desta forma, a incorporação de material fresado (do termo inglês RAP - Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) em misturas betuminosas produzidas a quente em central tem sido uma alternativa satisfatória. Neste trabalho, foram estudadas três misturas betuminosas do tipo macadame betuminoso (AC 20 base 35/50), tradicional e com taxas de incorporação de RAP de 10% e 20%, com o objetivo de efetuar uma análise comparativa do seu comportamento. Começou-se por realizar um estudo Marshall de forma a determinar a percentagem ótima de betume a usar em cada mistura e, posteriormente, a composição foi transposta para central para o seu fabrico. No final foram realizados ensaios de caracterização mecânica sobre as misturas para avaliar o seu desempenho, através de ensaios de sensibilidade à água, módulo de rigidez, resistência à fadiga e à deformação permanente. Esta dissertação teve o apoio da empresa Tecnovia – Sociedade de Empreitadas S.A., com a disponibilização de instalações e materiais para o trabalho experimental. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que as misturas recicladas apresentaram um comportamento satisfatório, quando comparado com as misturas tradicionais.

Rigid pavements distresses - pavement condition index evaluation

Pavements require maintenance in order to provide good service levels during their life period. Because of the significant costs of this operation and the importance of a proper planning, a pavement evaluation methodology, named Pavement Condition Index (PCI), was created by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This methodology allows for the evaluation of the pavement condition along the life period, generally yearly, with minimum costs and, in this way, it is possible to plan the maintenance action and to adopt adequate measures, minimising the rehabilitation costs. The PCI methodology provides an evaluation based on visual inspection, namely on the distresses observed on the pavement. This condition index of the pavement is classified from 0 to 100, where 0 it is the worst possible condition and 100 the best possible condition. This methodology of pavement assessment represents a significant tool for management methods such as airport pavement management system (APMS) and life-cycle costs analysis (LCCA). Nevertheless, it has some limitations which can jeopardize the correct evaluation of the pavement behavior. Therefore the objective of this dissertation is to help reducing its limitations and make it easier and faster to use. Thus, an automated process of PCI calculation was developed, avoiding the abaci consultation, and consequently, minimizing the human error. To facilitate also the visual inspection a Tablet application was developed to replace the common inspection data sheet and thus making the survey easier to be undertaken. Following, an airport pavement condition was study accordingly with the methodology described at Standard Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition Index Surveys D5340, 2011 where its original condition level is compared with the condition level after iterate possible erroneous considered distresses as well as possible rehabilitations. Afterwards, the results obtained were analyzed and the main conclusions presented together with some future developments.

Airport pavements evaluation

The airport pavement deteriorates during service due to traffic and climate effects therefore systematic monitoring is required in order to assess their structural and functional condition. The aim of this work is to present the methodologies used nowadays for airport pavement evaluation and to contribute to their improvement in structural analysis area The main aspects that are addressed are the application of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and the use of the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tests, for structural evaluation, and the use of the GRIP tester and the measurement of texture depth of the wearing course layer, for the functional evaluation of the runway. Also, freeware computer softwares used to design new runways (FAARFIELD and COMFAA) are presented and examples are given. Case studies are described both for structural and functional evaluation.

Metodologias de pós-processamento em ensaios de determinação da rigidez em misturas betuminosas

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Urban land cover change detection analysis and modeling spatio-temporal Growth dynamics using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A case study of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Architecture and mosaics in recently discovered Palaeochristian basilicas

The excavations of the Dericik Early Christian Basilicas revealed the importance of the surrounding area of Bursa for understanding Early Christianity between the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods. In the salvage excavations of 2001, the basic plan of the basilica (nave, narthex, presbyterium and apse) was revealed. The most important artefacts uncovered in that year were the mosaic pavements with geometric and plant ornaments and a grave located in the North Eastern corner of the church. The mosaic of the basilica was laid with the opus tessellatum technique on a thick mortar foundation with white, red, yellow, olive green and dark blue tesserae. A refrigerium scene is represented in the middle of the narthex mosaic. The mosaic in the centre of the nave is divided into parts, one of which with figures of birds inside octagons. In the transitional area between the nave and apse, three heavily damaged inscriptions have been conserved each of three or four lines, one of them indicating the wish of Epituchanos, diakôn, a church member.