Tuberculose e infecção VIH/SIDA : uma análise comparativa em Portugal continental no biénio 2008-2009

RESUMO - Introdução: Actualmente 11,3 milhões de indivíduos estão co-infectados pela Tuberculose/Vírus Imunodeficiência Humana (TB/VIH), uma das principais causas de incapacidade e morte no mundo. É determinada pela exposição dos indivíduos aos factores de risco e condições/determinantes sociais de saúde. Várias são as medidas criadas a nível nacional e internacional na luta contra TB e a infecção VIH. Objectivo: Caracterizar e comparar os casos de TB entre os indivíduos não infectados com VIH e os infectados com VIH, considerando as características sócio-demográficas, o tratamento, patologias associadas e factores de risco. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e observacional. A informação foi obtida a partir da base de dados do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Tuberculose dos casos de TB notificados entre 1 de Janeiro de 2008 a 31 de Dezembro de 2009. Para tratamento e análise estatística (descritiva e inferencial) o programa usado foi o SPSS versão 18,0. Resultados: 12,8% dos indivíduos estavam co-infectados com TB/VIH e 87,2% não estavam co-infectados. A presença de VIH nos casos de tuberculose apresenta evidência de relação com quase todas variáveis em estudo (p<0,00) excepto a presença de insuficiência renal (p<0,307). Apresentam maior probalidade de risco da co-infecção TB/VIH os homens, a faixa etária [35;44[, os estrangeiros, os desempregados, estar em retratamento e fumar. Os indivíduos com Doença Hepática (OR= 5,238; IC95%: 3,706;7,403; ORA = 3,104; IC95%: 2,164;4,454), patologias associadas (OR=13,199; IC95%: 11,246; 15,491; ORA=21,348; IC95%:17,569; 25,940) e factores de risco (OR=3,237; IC95%: 2,968; 3,531; ORA=2,644; IC95%: 2,414; 2,985) tem maior probalidade da co-infecção TB/VIH. O ajustamento para o sexo e a idade interferiu em todas variáveis em estudo. Conclusão: Os homens, da faixa etária [35;44 [, desempregados, estrangeiros, em retratamento, fumadores apresentam maior probalidade de risco de estar co-infectado com TB/VIH.

Wetland Habitat Studies using various Classification Techniques on Multi-Spectral Landsat Imagery: Case study: Tram chim National Park, Dong Thap Vietnam

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

Human and climatic change impact modelling on the habitat suitability for the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) – Case study: The proposed Mount Cameroon National Park

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

The contribution of multitemporal information from multispectral satellite images for automatic land cover classification at the national scale

Thesis submitted to the Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação da Universidade Nova de Lisboa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Management – Geographic Information Systems

The making of saudade. National identity and ethnic psychology in Portugal

Roots and rituals.The construction of ethnic identities, Ton Dekker, John Helsloot Carla Wijers editors, p. 267-268; Selected papers of the 6TH SIEF conference on 'Roots & rituals', Amsterdam 20-25 April 1998.

Surveillance technology and strategy for management of Portugal's EEZ

EEZ International, Summer 2003, p. 43-47

Sub-notificação de reacções adversas medicamentosas : um problema com solução? : contribuição para o conhecimento da sub-notificação de RAMs em Portugal e implementação de medidas minimizadoras do impacte

RESUMO - Introdução: As Reacções Adversas Medicamentosas (RAMs) constituem um grave problema de Saúde Pública em termos da mortalidade e morbilidade provocadas, tendo também um impacto económico considerável nos Sistemas de Saúde. Os Sistemas de Notificacão Espontânea de RAMs são considerados como o método de vigilância de medicamentos mais eficaz, sendo a sub-notificação de RAMs uma das suas maiores limitações. Em termos globais, foi estimado que apenas 6% de todas as reacções adversas são notificadas. Portugal apresenta uma taxa de notificação de RAMs relativamente baixa quando comparada com os países mais notificadores da Europa. São objectivos deste estudo: 1) caracterizar as atitudes e os comportamentos dos médicos, dos farmacêuticos e dos enfermeiros em Portugal Continental relativamente à notificação de RAMs; e 2) caracterizar a efectividade de intervenções educacionais destinadas a reduzir a sub-notificação de RAMs. Métodos: Numa primeira fase será efectuado um estudo de caso-controlo em médicos, farmacêuticos e enfermeiros de Portugal Continental, a exercer actividade no Servico Nacional de Saúde (SNS), de modo a caracterizar as suas atitudes e comportamentos relativamente à notificação de RAMs. Como casos serão considerados os Profissionais de Saúde que notificaram pelo menos uma RAM num determinado período e os controlos os Profissionais de Saúde que não notificaram qualquer RAM nesse mesmo período, sendo estes útimos seleccionados aleatoriamente. O estudo será conduzido através de um questionário de auto-resposta, em que as questões relativas às atitudes e comportamentos são baseadas nos “sete pecados mortais” de Inman. Será utilizada uma Escala Visual Analógica para registar as respostas, podendo estas ir de zero (totalmente em desacordo) até 10 (totalmente de acordo). Será utilizada uma análise de regressão logística para determinar o odds ratio ajustado (ORadj) da notificação de RAMs para uma mudança de exposição correspondente ao range interquartil para cada atitude. Numa segunda fase, será efectuado ensaio aleatorizado controlado de cluster, para caracterizar a efectividade das intervenções educacionais realizadas sobre as causas identificadas na primeira parte do trabalho, com o intuito de reduzir a sub-notificação de RAMs. Com base em informacão de 2007 foram identificados 43 clusters dispersos pelas várias Regiões de Saúde. As intervenções educacionais são compostas por uma apresentação com uma hora de duração complementada por um folheto recordatório. Serão ainda realizados dois sub-estudos, em que o V1.0, Final 28Set09 viii Sub-notificação de RAMs em Portugal – Um problema com solução ? primeiro tentará caracterizar o efeito de contaminação entre Profissionais de Saúde e o segundo pretende caracterizar a duração do efeito das intervenções educacionais. Resultados a atingir: Pretende-se, com a implementação deste projecto, aumentar o número de notificações de RAMs pelos médicos, farmacêuticos e enfermeiros em cerca de 110%, de modo a atingir-se uma taxa de notificação de aproximadamente 300 notificações por milhão de habitantes por ano (i.e., multiplicar por 2,1 o número notificações existentes). -------------------ABSTRACT - Introduction: The Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a serious Public Health problem in terms of mortality and morbidity caused, being also an economic burden for the health systems. The Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting Systems are considered as the most effective drug surveillance methods, in which the ADR under-reporting represents one of its biggest limitations. It was estimated that only 6% of all adverse reactions are notified globally. When comparing with high ADR reporting rate countries Portugal shows a low ADR reporting rate. This study aims to: 1) characterize the physicians, pharmacists and nurses attitudes and behaviours related to ADR under-reporting; 2) characterize the educational interventions effectiveness to decrease the ADRs under-reporting. Methods: During a first phase a case-control study will be conducted in physicians, pharmacists and nurses in Continental Portugal working in the National Health System (NHS) in order to characterize their attitudes and behaviours related to ADR reporting. The Healthcare Professionals that have reported at least one ADR during a determined period will be considered as the cases and those that have not reported any ADR during the same period will be considered as the controls. The controls will be randomly selected. The study will be conducted through a self-administered questionnaire in which the questions related to the attitudes and behaviours are based in the Inmans’s “seven mortal sins”. A Visual Analogue Scale will be used to record the responses. The responses can range from 0 (totally disagree) to 10 (totally agree). Logistic regression will be used to determine the ADR reporting adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for a change in the exposure corresponding to the interquartile range for each attitude. In the second phase of the study a cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted to characterize the educational interventions effectiveness focused on the first phase identified causes with the aim to decrease the ADRs under-reporting. Based in 2007’s information 43 clusters have been identified throughout the several Health Regions. The educational interventions are composed of one hour presentation complemented by an informational leaflet. Two sub-studies will be also conducted in which the first one will try to characterize the contamination effect between the Healthcare Professionals and the second to characterize the educational interventions effect duration. V1.0, Final 28Set09 x Sub-notificação de RAMs em Portugal – Um problema com solução ? Outcome: With the project implementation an increase of the ADR notifications performed by the physicians, pharmacists and nurses by 110% is aimed in order to obtain approximately 300 notifications per million habitants per year (i.e., multiply by 2,1 the existent notifications).

Portuguese Red Cross - Conde d´Óbidos Palace National Headquarters

Ano VI; nº 2 - 2008 - p.103-106

Sigla WEBGIS portal: an open source Web-based GIS application for the portuguese bluetongue Entomologiacal surveillance program.

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

A new model for EEZ surveillance and management in Portugal

Management Information Systems 2000, p. 103-111

Constructing the National Canon in Ireland and Macedonia: The Function of Folklore in the Plays The Countess Cathleen and The Land of Heart’s Desire by William Butler Yeats, and Proud Flesh and The Black Hole by Goran Stefanovski and Their Role in Strengthening National Identity

Erasmus Mundus Masters “Crossways in European Humanities” June 2011

Paralisia cerebral na Região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo : factores de risco : caracterização multidimensional : inclusão escolar

RESUMO - A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) deve ser olhada como uma patologia do neurodesenvolvimento: a infância é um período de actividade exploratória por essência, a restrição motora condiciona as várias áreas do desenvolvimento. Contextos, apoios, oportunidades e experiências de vida serão determinantes no desenvolvimento de todo o seu potencial. Objectivos/finalidade: Identificar, descrever, comparar e analisar factores de risco associados à PC, sua caracterização multidimensional e integração escolar aos 5 e 10 anos. Procurou‐se contribuir para a sua prevenção primária e secundária, e obter dados para planeamento e implementação dos programas de apoio. Métodos: Adoptou‐se a abordagem do Programa Nacional de Vigilância da Paralisia Cerebral (PNVPC) e da Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE). Analisaram‐se factores de risco, competências funcionais, défices associados, severidade e integração escolar de duas populações de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, (nascimento 1996/1997‐2001/2002 e prevalência aos 5 e 10 anos). Descreveram‐se os dados, efectuaram‐se correlações, aplicaram‐se testes de independência e compararam‐se com dados dos nadovivos, dados nacionais e europeus. Analisaram‐se os factores que influenciaram a integração escolar através de métodos de regressão logística. Resultados/Conclusões/Recomendações: 1,65‰ e 1,57‰ dos nadovivos desenvolveram PC; a prevalência aos 5 anos foi de 1,7‰ e de 1,48‰; 5,9% e 7,9% faleceram antes dos 5 anos. Em 2001/2002 verificou‐se aumento de: PC espástica bilateral‐2/3membros, prematuridade, causa pos‐neonatal, níveis funcionais ligeiros e graves; percentil estaturo‐ponderal <3 (5‐anos). Diminuição de: disquinésia, anóxia e alguns défices associados. Destacaram‐se as associação: prematuridade e PC espástica bilateral‐ 2/3membros; nascer de termo e anóxia, disquinésia, primíparas, défices associados e severidade; infecção pré‐natal e QI<50, epilepsia e severidade; causa pos‐neonatal e PC espástica bilateral‐4membros e múltiplos défices. Aos 5 anos, as variáveis explicativas para a não inclusão escolar foram: QI<50 e epilepsia; uma elevada percentagem de crianças com PC moderada/grave encontrava‐se integrada; 75% das que se encontravam desintegradas mantiveram‐se nesta situação aos 10. Nesta idade, as variáveis explicativas para a não inclusão escolar foram: QI<50 e motricidade fina; 35,1% encontrava‐se fora do ensino regular; 4,5%, embora em idade de escolaridade obrigatória, não frequentavam qualquer estabelecimento escolar. Informação sistematizada, abrangente, objectiva, simples e acessível, sobre novos casos de PC, factores de risco, prevalência em idades‐chave e caracterização multidimensional constitui uma ferramenta clínica e epidemiológica, que deve sustentar as políticas de saúde, educacionais e sociais, contribuindo para a permanência destas crianças no ensino regular, trazendo às crianças e famílias o suporte que as encorajem e sustentem nestes processos. ABSTRACT ------- Cerebral Palsy (CP) must be recognized as a neurodevelopmental disorder: childhood is, on its nature, a period for exploring the environment and therefore motor deficit interferes with all developmental areas. The context, support, opportunities and life experiences are determinants for the development of his full potential. Objective/Aim: To identify, describe, compare and analyze CP risk factors the multidimensional characterization and school integration levels at the age of 5 and 10 years. We aim to contribute to CP primary and secondary prevention and provide information for service planning and implementation of support programs. Methods: The approach of National Cerebral Palsy Surveillance Programme (NCPSP) and Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) were used. For two groups of children from Lisboa e Vale do Tejo region, birth data 1996/1997‐2001/2002 and prevalence at 5 and 10 years, were analyzed: CP risk factors, functional ability, associated impairments, severity and school integration settings. Data collected was described, analyzed using correlations, applied tests of independence and compared with new born data, national data and european data. To analyze the factors related to school inclusive settings, logistic regression was appealed. Results/Conclusions/Recommendations: 1,65% and 1,57‰ of the new‐born alive developed CP. The prevalence at 5 years was 1,7‰ and 1,48‰ 5,9% and 7,9% died before their 5th birthday. Bilateral spastic CP 2/3limb, preterm birth, cases of post‐neonatal origin, mild and sever functional impairment; weight and height percentile <3 at 5 years old Increased in 2001. Decreased dyskinetic CP, anoxia and some additional imparments. Were identified among other the association between prematurity and spastic bilateral CP‐2/3 members; born at term and anoxia, dyskinetic CP, first child, associated impairments and severity; prenatal infection and IQ<50, epilepsy and severity; post‐neonatal cause and spastic bilateral CP‐4 members and associated impairments. At 5‐years‐old the more explanatory variables for not be in a school inclusive settings were IQ<50 and epilepsy, a high percentage of children with moderate/severe CP was attending regular school, but most children who were out of inclusive settings at 5 years continue on this situations at 10‐years‐old. At this age the more explanatory variables for not be in a school inclusive settings were: IQ<50 and upper limb function; 35,1% were out of regular school; 4,5%, even in compulsory school age, are out of school. Standardized comprehensive, objective, simple and accessible information about CP new cases, risk factors, prevalence in the key‐age and children multidimensional characterization constitutes a clinical and epidemiological tool that should sustain health, educational and social policy. This would support the continuity of these children in regular schools, encouraging g them and their families in these processes.

Probabilistic maintenance and optimization strategies for deteriorating civil infrastructures

In developed countries, civil infrastructures are one of the most significant investments of governments, corporations, and individuals. Among these, transportation infrastructures, including highways, bridges, airports, and ports, are of huge importance, both economical and social. Most developed countries have built a fairly complete network of highways to fit their needs. As a result, the required investment in building new highways has diminished during the last decade, and should be further reduced in the following years. On the other hand, significant structural deteriorations have been detected in transportation networks, and a huge investment is necessary to keep these infrastructures safe and serviceable. Due to the significant importance of bridges in the serviceability of highway networks, maintenance of these structures plays a major role. In this paper, recent progress in probabilistic maintenance and optimization strategies for deteriorating civil infrastructures with emphasis on bridges is summarized. A novel model including interaction between structural safety analysis,through the safety index, and visual inspections and non destructive tests, through the condition index, is presented. Single objective optimization techniques leading to maintenance strategies associated with minimum expected cumulative cost and acceptable levels of condition and safety are presented. Furthermore, multi-objective optimization is used to simultaneously consider several performance indicators such as safety, condition, and cumulative cost. Realistic examples of the application of some of these techniques and strategies are also presented.

Analysis of the pathway of developing a national mental health plan for Suriname

ABSTRACT: The aim of this analysis was to analyze and describe the steps that have been taken in the development of the mental health policy in Suriname after the WHO AIMS. The objectives are: 1.To review the steps to be taken in developing a mental health policy and plan for a country 2.To gather information and data concerning mental health policy and plan development in Suriname 3.To draw conclusion from the experience gained that can be applied to other countries. In general, the information that was gathered from the four countries Guyana, Barbados, Trinidad & Tobago and Suriname, was compared with the WHO steps for developing a mental health policy and plan. Were these steps taken into consideration, when developing their mental health policy and plan? If not, what were the reasons why it did not happen? The checklist for evaluating a mental health plan was used in Suriname. This checklist assisted to see if the results of the recommendations given by the WHO AIMS to develop a effective and balanced mental health plan were taken into consideration. The mayor findings of the analysis are that Suriname as well as Guyana used the steps in developing their mental health policy and plan. Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago did not develop a mental health policy and plan. Suriname and Guyana have a mental health coordinating body at the Ministry of Health. Trinidad & Tobago as well as Barbados have a mental health focal person at the Ministry of Health of the respective countries. It can be concluded that successfully improving of health systems and services for mental health is combining theoretical concepts, expert knowledge and cooperation of many stakeholders. The appointment of a mental health coordinating unit at the Ministry of Health is crucial for the development of mental health in a country. Furthermore, mental health is everyone’s business and responsibility. Implementing the steps to be taken when developing a mental health policy and plan as recommended by WHO may be a slow process requiring the mobilization of political will. That’s why it is crucial that persons responsible for this process work close with all stakeholders in relevant sectors, taking their needs into consideration and try to translate that in clear objectives. It is common knowledge that improving the quality of mental health must be accompanied by the availability of financial and human resources. Finally, a mental health policy and plan should be one document tackling all aspects of mental health of a community.

An Atlas for the future National Park: Las Cumbres de la Sierra de Guadarrama

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.