Reactive hybrid knowledge bases

Hybrid knowledge bases are knowledge bases that combine ontologies with non-monotonic rules, allowing to join the best of both open world ontologies and close world rules. Ontologies shape a good mechanism to share knowledge on theWeb that can be understood by both humans and machines, on the other hand rules can be used, e.g., to encode legal laws or to do a mapping between sources of information. Taking into account the dynamics present today on the Web, it is important for these hybrid knowledge bases to capture all these dynamics and thus adapt themselves. To achieve that, it is necessary to create mechanisms capable of monitoring the information flow present on theWeb. Up to today, there are no such mechanisms that allow for monitoring events and performing modifications of hybrid knowledge bases autonomously. The goal of this thesis is then to create a system that combine these hybrid knowledge bases with reactive rules, aiming to monitor events and perform actions over a knowledge base. To achieve this goal, a reactive system for the SemanticWeb is be developed in a logic-programming based approach accompanied with a language for heterogeneous rule base evolution having as its basis RIF Production Rule Dialect, which is a standard for exchanging rules over theWeb.

A process-based control for evolvable production systems

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Hybrid systems biology: application to Escherichia coli

Dissertation presented to obtain a Master degree in Biotechnology

Relational navigation and archiving of multimedia information for contemporary dance

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Intention recognition, commitment and their roles in the evolution of cooperation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Informática

People and object tracking for video annotation

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Directivas antecipadas de vida : modelo de aferição da sua aceitabilidade nas unidades de saúde em Portugal

RESUMO - As Directivas Antecipadas de Vida, são instruções escritas ou orais formuladas por uma pessoa competente relativamente à prestação ou suspensão de cuidados médicos numa eventual situação de doença geradora de incapacidade para decidir ou expressar a sua vontade (Neves et al., 2010). No presente estudo, o problema de investigação centra-se em saber de que forma a construção de um modelo de Directivas Antecipadas de Vida pode contribuir para uma melhor gestão nas unidades de saúde? Para a realização do presente projecto de investigação, foi efectuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os principais conceitos e estado actual do conhecimento, os quais contribuíram para a definição dos objectivos de investigação empírica:  Contribuir para a criação de um corpo de conhecimento no que diz respeito às Directivas Antecipadas de Vida com a elaboração de uma proposta de um modelo de aferição da sua aceitabilidade nas unidades de saúde em Portugal.  Identificar os diferentes intervenientes, e qual o seu papel na implementação do modelo proposto. No que se refere ao estudo das Directivas Antecipadas de Vida em Portugal, e em especial nas unidades de saúde, recorreu-se a uma metodologia exploratória e descritiva, para identificar as principais características e trabalhos desenvolvidos na área em investigação. A primeira conclusão reside nas características da própria sociedade, a qual não parece ainda estar suficientemente desperta para a problemática em estudo, não obstante se verificar a existência de iniciativas legislativas recentemente apresentadas. Esta constatação verifica-se igualmente ao nível das unidades prestadoras de cuidados de saúde.

Improvements in the geocoding process in organizational environments

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Video interaction using pen-based technology

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Informática

Transactions in dynamic reactive environments

Most of today’s systems, especially when related to the Web or to multi-agent systems, are not standalone or independent, but are part of a greater ecosystem, where they need to interact with other entities, react to complex changes in the environment, and act both over its own knowledge base and on the external environment itself. Moreover, these systems are clearly not static, but are constantly evolving due to the execution of self updates or external actions. Whenever actions and updates are possible, the need to ensure properties regarding the outcome of performing such actions emerges. Originally purposed in the context of databases, transactions solve this problem by guaranteeing atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability of a special set of actions. However, current transaction solutions fail to guarantee such properties in dynamic environments, since they cannot combine transaction execution with reactive features, or with the execution of actions over domains that the system does not completely control (thus making rolling back a non-viable proposition). In this thesis, we investigate what and how transaction properties can be ensured over these dynamic environments. To achieve this goal, we provide logic-based solutions, based on Transaction Logic, to precisely model and execute transactions in such environments, and where knowledge bases can be defined by arbitrary logic theories.

Semantic adaptability for the systems interoperability

In the current global and competitive business context, it is essential that enterprises adapt their knowledge resources in order to smoothly interact and collaborate with others. However, due to the existent multiculturalism of people and enterprises, there are different representation views of business processes or products, even inside a same domain. Consequently, one of the main problems found in the interoperability between enterprise systems and applications is related to semantics. The integration and sharing of enterprises knowledge to build a common lexicon, plays an important role to the semantic adaptability of the information systems. The author proposes a framework to support the development of systems to manage dynamic semantic adaptability resolution. It allows different organisations to participate in a common knowledge base building, letting at the same time maintain their own views of the domain, without compromising the integration between them. Thus, systems are able to be aware of new knowledge, and have the capacity to learn from it and to manage its semantic interoperability in a dynamic and adaptable way. The author endorses the vision that in the near future, the semantic adaptability skills of the enterprise systems will be the booster to enterprises collaboration and the appearance of new business opportunities.

Learning to manage in knowledge-based organizations: the role of learning logs or portfolios

Paper presented at the 8th European Conference on Knowledge Management, Barcelona, 6-7 Sep. 2008 URL: http://www.academic-conferences.org/eckm/eckm2007/eckm07-home.htm

The World Health Organization Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum : implementation of key modules and its impact on patient safety knowledge, skills, and attitudes of medical students at the University of Algarve

ABSTRACT - Objectives: We attempted to show how the implementation of the key elements of the World Health Organization Patient Safety Curriculum Guide Multi-professional Edition in an undergraduate curriculum affected the knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards patient safety in a graduate entry Portuguese Medical School. Methods: After receiving formal recognition by the WHO as a Complementary Test Site and approval of the organizational ethics committee , the validated pre-course questionnaires measuring the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to patient safety were administered to the 2nd and3rd year students pursuing a four-year course (N = 46). The key modules of the curriculum were implemented over the academic year by employing a variety of learning strategies including expert lecturers, small group problem-based teaching sessions, and Simulation Laboratory sessions. The identical questionnaires were then administered and the impact was measured. The Curriculum Guide was evaluated as a health education tool in this context. Results: A significant number of the respondents, 47 % (n = 22), reported having received some form of prior patient safety training. The effect on Patient Safety Knowledge was assessed by using the percentage of correct pre- and post-course answers to construct 2 × 2 contingency tables and by applying Fishers’ test (two-tailed). No significant differences were detected (p < 0.05). To assess the effect of the intervention on Patient Safety skills and attitudes, the mean and standard deviation were calculated for the pre and post-course responses, and independent samples were subjected to Mann-Whitney’s test. The attitudinal survey indicated a very high baseline incidence of desirable attitudes and skills toward patient safety. Significant changes were detected (p < 0.05) regarding what should happen if an error is made (p = 0.016), the role of healthcare organizations in error reporting (p = 0.006), and the extent of medical error (p = 0.005). Conclusions: The implementation of selected modules of the WHO Patient Safety Curriculum was associated with a number of positive changes regarding patient safety skills and attitudes, with a baseline incidence of highly desirable patient safety attitudes, but no measureable change on the patient safety knowledge, at the University of Algarve Medical School. The significance of these results is discussed along with implications and suggestions for future research.