A antiga igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto da nação italiana em Lisboa (1518‑1651) dados arquivísticos e algumas hipóteses sobre o edifício de Filippo Terzi

O presente artigo resultado da pesquisa de duas investigadoras no arquivo da Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto em Lisboa e no Archivio Segreto Vaticano e pretende oferecer uma hipotética reconstrução da igreja original dos Italianos em Lisboa, erigida entre 1518 e 1597 e destruída no incêndio de 1651. Na análise da escassa documentação sobre o edifício desaparecido, onde é confirmada a participação do arquitecto-engenheiro Filippo Terzi, (Bolonha 1520-Setúbal 1597), propõe-se uma interpretação da política de representação nacional da comunidade italiana em Portugal na segunda metade de Quinhentos assim como das suas estreitas relações com Roma e a Santa Sé. Para além disso, salienta-se que na promoção do culto de Nossa Senhora do Loreto em Portugal, a comunidade italiana contribuiu na difusão do mesmo na América Latina.

Superoxide reductase from the syphilis spirochete Treponema pallidum

Superoxide reductase is a 14 kDa metalloprotein containing a catalytic nonhaem iron centre [Fe(His)4Cys]. It is involved in defence mechanisms against oxygen toxicity, scavenging superoxide radicals from the cell. The oxidized form of Treponema pallidum superoxide reductase was crystallized in the presence of polyethylene glycol and magnesium chloride. Two crystal forms were obtained depending on the oxidizing agents used after purification: crystals grown in the presence of K3Fe(CN)6 belonged to space group P21 (unit-cell parameters a = 60.3, b = 59.9, c = 64.8 A ° , = 106.9 ) and diffracted beyond 1.60 A ° resolution, while crystals grown in the presence of Na2IrCl6 belonged to space group C2 (a = 119.4, b = 60.1, c = 65.6 A ° , = 104.9 ) and diffracted beyond 1.55 A ° . A highly redundant X-ray diffraction data set from the C2 crystal form collected on a copper rotating-anode generator ( = 1.542 A ° ) clearly defined the positions of the four Fe atoms present in the asymmetric unit by SAD methods. A MAD experiment at the iron absorption edge confirmed the positions of the previously determined iron sites and provided better phases for model building and refinement. Molecular replacement using the P21 data set was successful using a preliminary trace as a search model. A similar arrangement of the four protein molecules could be observed.

Application of FTA and the perceived impact on employment policies: the case of nanotechnology in the Netherlands, Germany and Portugal

In this paper we will analyse the usage of FTA to support decision-making in employment policy relate to specific occupational groups. The examples can be better understood if one focus on the nanotechnology and its implications on some sectors (clothing, bio-medical engineering, micro-electronics). When this is done will be clear which occupations will engage a restructuring process (engineers, specialised technicians, qualified machine operators, quality controllers) and what policies are being designed to cope with it. This means toward which extend social partners have driven specific policies on these issues (focused in their sectors).

Tempo, temporalidades, durações - das ciências exactas às ciências sociais, o tempo da geografia no historial e do lugar

Em Galileu (1564-1642) a noção de tempo revela-se associada a movimento no sistema solar do Universo. Pouco tempo depois, Isaac Newton (1642-1727) considera o Espaço e o Tempo em termos absolutos na Lei da gravitação e Leibnitz (1646- -1716), contestando o caracter absoluto do tempo, afirmou o caracter relacionai do Espaço e do Tempo, considerando-o importante como contexto em que os objectos têm uma posição e relação lógica no Espaço e no Tempo. Por influência dos Naturalistas no século XVIII, a noção de sistema e de organismo integra os fenômenos da Natureza e da Sociedade em que o Tempo é relevante com o significado imprescindível de Evolução e Evolucionismo. À superfície da Terra, a evolução no Tempo era cíclica e estacionai, a variação no Espaço era zonal de acordo com a proximidade do Sol em relação ao Equador.

Humor and the framing of the public sphere and public opinion in Portugal (1797-1834)

In his Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment (1784), Kant puts forward his belief that the vocation to think freely, which humankind is endowed with, is bound to make sure that “the public use of reason” will at last act “even on the fundamental principles of government and the state [will] find it agreeable to treat man – who is now more than a machine – in accord with his dignity”. The critical reference to La Mettrie (1747), by opposing the machine to human dignity, will echo, in the dawn of the 20th century, in Bergson’s attempt to explain humor. Besides being exclusive to humans, humor is also a social phenomenon. Freud (1905) assures that pleasure originated by humor is collective, it results from a “social process”: jokes need an audience, a “third party”, in order to work and have fun. Assuming humor as a social and cultural phenomenon, this paper intends to sustain that it played a role in the framing of the public sphere and of public opinion in Portugal during the transition from Absolute Monarchy to Liberalism. The search for the conditions which made possible the critical exercise of sociability is at the root of the creation of the public sphere in the sense developed by Habermas (1962), whose perspective, however, has been questioned by those who point 2 out the alleged idealism of the concept – as opposed, for example, to Bakhtin (1970), whose work stresses diversity and pluralism. This notwithstanding, the concept of public sphere is crucial to the building of public opinion, which is, in turn, indissoluble from the principle of publicity, as demonstrated by Bobbio (1985). This paper discusses the historical evolution of the concept of public opinion from Ancient Greece doxa, through Machiavelli’s “humors” (1532), the origin of the expression in Montaigne (1580) and the contributions of Hobbes (1651), Locke (1690), Swift (1729), Rousseau (1762) or Hume (1777), up to the reflection of Lippman (1922) and Bourdieu’s critique (1984). It maintains that humor, as it appears in Portuguese printed periodicals from 1797 (when Almocreve de Petas was published for the first time) to the end of the civil war (1834) – especially in those edited by José Daniel Rodrigues da Costa but also in O Piolho Viajante, by António Manuel Policarpo da Silva, or in the ones written by José Agostinho de Macedo, as well as in a political “elite minded” periodical such as Correio Braziliense –, contributed to the framing of the public sphere and of public opinion in Portugal.