��ges K-Ar de glauconites des environs de Luz de Tavira, Algarve

Glauconite K-Ar ages (6.88��0.4; 7.03��0.4 MY) confirm earlier reports to Upper Tortonian of silt beds near Morgadinho, Luz de Tavira and Tavira. Taking stratigraphical position and age into account it is possible now to correlate these beds with similar ones at Quelfes and Cacela (Forma����o de Cacela, lower member, ascribed to the upper part of N16 or to NI7 Blow's zone, Globorotalia humerosa - G. dutertrei; Tortonian to Messinian, according to the ostracod fauna). Limit between the above quoted zones is thus placed at about 7 MY. New K-Ar ages greatly improve the knowledge about Upper Miocene in eastern Algarve, and on regional tectonic evolution. This is particulary so in what concerns an intra-Tortonian phase.

Dep��sitos messinianos do sul de Portugal, mam��feros (incluindo Rodentia e Logomorpha) e idades K-Ar

In the southern part of Tagus basin, North of paleozoic rocks of Valverde-Senhor das Chagas (near Alc��cer do Sal) horst, a marine transgression has been recognized, Upper Serravallian, and maybe Lower Tortonian in age. There are no earlier marine deposits, and no younger ones are known either. Paleozoic behaved as a barrier separating two basins, distinct at least since Middle Miocene until Upper Pleistocene. Until now, both were regarded as a single entity, the so-called ��Sado basin�� Southwards (Alvalade basin) there has been a single transgression. It was assummed that it was the same one as the former. Indeed it is not definitely so. Later transgression accounts for Esbarrondadoiro Formation, whose deposits have been ascribed to Tortonian or even to Middle Miocene. However they are Upper Messinian to Lower Zanclean. Esbarrondadoiro Formation is younger than Lower Member of Cacela Formation in Algarve and, with even stronger reason, than the upper-most well dated marine levels in Tagus basin. Age of Miocene units dealt with here has been based on small mammals found in marine sands.

Current mortars in conservation: an overview

Renders are an important item in historical buildings and the need for their periodical re-application is a basic conservation procedure. In modern times there has been a trend towards the replacement of traditional pure lime mortars by new formulations including Portland cement or hydraulic lime. Apart from those interventions on specific and very important monuments, in which the use oftraditional non-hydraulic mortars can be enforced, in most of the projects involving less than first order magnitude heritage the use of some sort of hydraulic components is becoming the rule rather than the exception. The present paper describes and analyses the results of an experimental study with ten formulations of current mortars - including some that can hardly be considered as adequate conservation procedures - allowing a direct comparison in terms of some of the most relevant characteristics.

Is ambient intelligence a truly human-centric paradigm in industry? Current research and application scenario

Based on the paper presented at the International Conference ���Autonomous Systems: inter-relations of technical and societal issues���, organized by IET with the support of the Portuguese-German collaboration project on ���Technology Assessment of Autonomous Robotics��� (DAAD/CRUP) at FCT-UNL, Biblioteca da UNL, Campus de Caparica on 5-6 November 2009.

Digitally programmable delay-locked-loop with adaptive charge pump current for UWB radar system

Disserta����o apresentada na Faculdade de Ci��ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrot��cnica e Computadores

Anemia de c��lulas falciformes na idade pedi��trica : contribui����o para o estudo das suas principais complica����es e indicadores de progn��stico

RESMO: Introdu����o: A anemia de c��lulas falciformes doen��a heredit��ria, com repercuss��o multi-org��nica, tem grande variabilidade na sua express��o cl��nica. Da�� o interesse do estudo de indicadores de progn��stico. A investiga����o realizada foi precedida de um resumo hist��rico incidindo sobre a compreens��o de aspectos fundamentais da doen��a ao longo dos tempos. Na primeira parte do estudo e ap��s revis��o bibliogr��fica, foram referidos dados da fisiopatologia como base para os estudos que integram a presente disserta����o. Abordou-se o estado da arte relativamente ��s complica����es, aos indicadores de progn��stico e �� terap��utica utilizada. Objectivos: Constitu��ram objectivos deste estudo realizado numa amostra populacional representativa: identificar as les��es a n��vel dos sistemas cardio-respirat��rio e nervoso central, avaliando-se as respectivas repercuss��es; avaliar a presen��a de indicadores de progn��stico entre as vari��veis seleccionadas; estudar a efic��cia e toxicidade da HU nos doentes com as formas graves da ACF. Para a prossecu����o destes objectivos foram delineados para al��m do estudo global tr��s estudos espec��ficos: Estudo 1- repercuss��o no sistema cardio-respirat��rio; Estudo 2- repercuss��o no sistema nervoso central; Estudo 3- terap��utica com hidroxiureia. Doentes e m��todos: Procedeu-se a um estudo prospectivo e multi-institucional durante um per��odo de tr��s anos tendo-se seleccionado para a amostra, e de acordo com crit��rios pr��-definidos, 30 doentes com ACF na fase est��vel da doen��a, com idades compreendidas entre os sete e os 18 anos, todos de origem africana �� excep����o de um caucasiano. O diagn��stico baseou-se em t��cnicas de electroforese e estudo molecular que definiu o genotipo da doen��a e a presen��a da delec����o da ���-talass��mia assim como os haplotipos da amostra populacional. Foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias para avaliar a exist��ncia de les��o pulmonar e cerebral. Atrav��s do estudo estat��stico foram seleccionadas diversas vari��veis como hipot��ticos indicadores de progn��stico. Estudo 1. Para determinar a exist��ncia de les��o a n��vel pulmonar usaram-se duas metodologias diferentes, a avalia����o da fun����o pulmonar com estudo da satura����o da Hb em O2 no sangue arterial e a tomografia computadorizada de alta resolu����o. Estudou-se tamb��m a poss��vel disfun����o card��aca como repercuss��o da les��o pulmonar, atrav��s do ecocardiograma, e os indicadores de progn��stico com significado estat��stico para a les��o encontrada. Estudo 2. O desenho deste estudo foi sobrepon��vel ao anterior, mas com metodologia adequada para o SNC. Procedeu-se ao estudo das les��es cerebrais por meio de exames imagiol��gicos, (RMN-CE e DTC) e de testes psicol��gicos. Correlacionaram-se as tr��s metodologias utilizadas e a import��ncia de cada uma para a decis��o de atitudes terap��uticas preventivas. Estudo 3. Consistiu num estudo aberto prospectivo n��o controlado com nove crian��as e adolescentes com formas graves de ACF, com o objectivo de avaliar a efic��cia da terap��utica com hidroxiureia, durante um per��odo de 24 meses. Todos os doentes completaram no m��nimo 15 meses de terap��utica, com uma dose final m��dia de 19���4 mg/K/dia. Resultados globais: Durante o per��odo anterior �� investiga����o caracterizou-se a amostra populacional estudada quanto ao fenotipo gen��tico, cl��nico e hematol��gico de acordo com os crit��rios utilizados por outros investigadores. Verificou-se: predom��nio do haplotipo Bantu na forma homozig��tica em 53% dos doentes; n��mero total de EVO ���3/ano em 87,5% dos doentes; crises de sequestra����o em 18,75%; dactilites no primeiro ano de vida em 31,2%; quadro de s��psis grave apenas num doente; crises de hiper-hem��lise em 50%; e STA em 59,38% dos doentes. Quanto ao fenotipo hematol��gico evidenciaram-se como factores de risco reticulocitose (13,1x103/���l) e hiperbilirrubin��mia (2,5 mg/dl) e como factores de bom progn��stico a presen��a de delec����o de um gene da ���-talass��mia em 46,9% dos doentes e valor m��dio de Hb 8,1 g/dl. Resultados dos estudos parcelares: Estudo 1. Deste estudo infere-se que a DPR ligeira foi diagnosticada em 70% dos doentes, uma vez que as altera����es da difus��o n��o foram estatisticamente significativas, o estudo dos gases no sangue n��o evidenciaram resultados anormais e a TCAR evidenciou altera����es em 43,3% dos doentes. Apenas num doente se verificou doen��a pulmonar obstrutiva relacionada com maior n��mero da STA.O estudo da disfun����o card��aca encontrada em 86,7% dos doentes n��o reflecte a repercuss��o da DPR a n��vel card��aco, podendo estar associada ��s altera����es fisiopatol��gicas da pr��pria anemia cr��nica. Encontraram-se indicadores de progn��stico hematol��gicos e cl��nicos. Entre os primeiros, valores de Hb ���8,5 g/dl e de HbF ���13% foram considerados indicadores de bom progn��stico para a les��o pulmonar. Em rela����o aos par��metros cl��nicos, as STA n��o foram consideradas indicadoras de progn��stico para a DPR ao contr��rio do que se verificou com o n��mero de EVO. Pela an��lise dos par��metros gen��ticos e socio-econ��micos provou-se a aus��ncia de rela����o estatisticamente significativa com les��o pulmonar. Estudo 2. Pela RMN-CE foram diagnosticados ES em 33,3% com uma localiza����o preferencial na subst��ncia branca profunda em 26,6% dos doentes. Relativamente aos par��metros hematol��gicos seleccionados, o valor m��dio da HbF 8,6% constitu��u um indicador de bom progn��stico para o aparecimento de ES, enquanto o valor m��dio de leuc��citos 12.39x103/��l foi considerado um indicador de mau progn��stico. No estudo do DTC apenas um doente apresentou aumento da velocidade do fluxo cerebral na ACM igual a 196 cm/segundos, associado a vasculopatia grave. Os testes psicol��gicos alterados em 80% dos doentes mostraram ser o m��todo mais sens��vel para detectar altera����es do neurodesenvolvimento, mas sem correla����o com os ES em 10% dos doentes. Real��a-se a baixa percentagem de DTC patol��gicos encontrados neste estudo em rela����o ao n��mero elevado de ES e de testes psicol��gicos alterados, n��o se verificando concord��ncia entre os tr��s exames. Dos indicadores de progn��stico estudados a ���-talass��mia foi considerada um factor de protec����o para o coeficiente de intelig��ncia da escala de Wechsler. Em rela����o a par��metros cl��nicos estudados os doentes com maior n��mero de EVO, tem em m��dia valores inferiores nos testes psicol��gicos. Estudo 3. Neste estudo verificou-se que o valor m��dio da HbF aumentou significativamente de 7,0��4% para 13,7��5,3% (p=0,028) ao fim de 15 meses de terap��utica com hidroxiureia. Clinicamente todos os doentes responderam significativamente com uma redu����o de 80% no n��mero de EVO, 69% no n��mero de internamentos, 76% no n��mero de dias de hospitaliza����o e 67% no n��mero de transfus��es. Deste modo comprovou-se n��o s�� a efic��cia desta terap��utica neste grupo pedi��trico como tamb��m a falta de efeitos secund��rios significativos. Considera-se a necessidade de estudos mais prolongados e em grande s��ries, para com seguran��a se usar a HU antes que a les��o org��nica se estabele��a, portanto logo nos primeiros anos de vida. Conclus��o: Na amostra populacional estudada foram evidenciadas les��es pulmonares e cerebrais na grande maioria dos doentes que condicionaram a sua qualidade de vida. Foram identificados indicadores de progn��stico que poder��o eventualmente ditar medidas terap��uticas precoces com o objectivo de diminuir a morbilidade e a mortalidade neste grupo et��rio. Demonstrou-se que a terap��utica com a HU foi eficaz e bem tolerada----------ABSTRACT: Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA), a hereditary disease characterized by pain and lifetime multi-organic lesion, is a challenge for all that work with carriers of this disease. The clinical expression variability of SCA is a constant reality and a problem to be solved in the current world of investigation, for which the knowledge of prognostic indicators responsible for the different aspects of clinical evolution diversity wiil be an added value. The study is preceded by a historical summary of the most important factors in the evolution of SCA, which are in themselves, an incentive for future research. In the first part of the study, after an extensive bibliographical revision, physiopathology data is referred to in general and specifically regarding the target organs, that constituted the base for the studies presented in the dissertation. The state of the art for the complications to be studied, the choice of prognostic indicators and the therapeutics application, were approached for the renewed interest in the theme. Aims: In regard to the investigation, the objective was to study the lesions in the most affected organs of a chosen pediatric group, to investigate prognostic indicators for lung and cerebral lesions and to evaluate the protective effect of hydroxyurea in children with severe outcomes. Patients and methods: A prospective and multi-institutional study was carried out during a three-year period, February 1998 to March 2001, with children and adolescents followed up at a Immunohematology Outpatient Clinic of Dona Estef��nia's Hospital, Lisbon. Based in predefined criteria, 30 children with SCA were selected in a stable phase of the disease, aged from seven to 18 years old, all of whom were of African origin with exception of one who was Caucasian. The diagnosis was based on electrophoresis techniques and molecular study that allowed to define the genotype, the presence of deletional alpha-thalassemia as well as haplotypes in the population. Different methodologies were used to evaluate the existence of lung and cerebral lesion. Statistical study of the different variables selected the prognostic indicators. In Study 1, to determine the existence of lung lesion two different methodologies were used: pulmonar function study with arterial blood gases determination; and high resolution computerized tomography. Heart dysfunction as a repercussion of lung lesion was also studied through echocardiography, and prognostic indicators were statistically significant for lesions found. The design of Study 2 was similar to Study 1, but with the appropriate methodology for CNS. After neurological examination, which was normal in all patients (control group), cerebral lesions were studied with imagiologic exams (MRN-CE and TCD) and psychological tests. These three methodologies were correlated and the importance of each one in the decision of the therapeutic profilactic attitudes. Study 3 consisted of a controlled prospective open study in children with severe forms of SCA, with the aim of the evaluating therapeutic effectiveness of hydroxyurea, during a period of 24 months. Results: In the global overall study preceding the Studies 1,2 and 3, there were a prevalence of haplotype Bantu (53%) and other risk factors, namely the number of VOC (87,5%), sequestration crisis (18,75%), dactilytis in first year of life(31,2%), hyperhemolysis crisis (50%) and ATC in more than half of the patients (59,38%). This group of bad prognostic indicators, associated with the population of the lower class according to the Graffar scale, demonstrates the importance of primary health care services, information provided to the children and their relatives, as well as the interest in prophylactic therapeutics, specific screening and prenatal diagnosis. Study 1. It was evident from this study that slight RPD was diagnosed in 70% of the patients, because alterations of the diffusion had no statistical significance and arterial blood gases determinations were normal. Only one patient had restrictive lung disease related with numerous ACS. However ACS was not considered a prognostic indicator for RPD, contrary to the number of EVO. HRTC revealed discreet fibrotic lines that could be related with slight RPD, but the lack of correlation of these two exams (33%) supports the value of lung function tests for precocious diagnosis of RPD. Heart dysfunction was found in 86,7% of patients, does not reflect the repercussion of RPD, but with the physiopathology of chronic anemia. Hematologic and clinical prognostic indicators were found. Good prognostic indicators for the non-evolution of RPD with average Hb values of ��� 8,5 g/dl and average HbF values of ���13%, respectively. The genetic and social-economic factors had no statistical significance; nevertheless, they were more prevalent among Bantu haplotype (53,3%) in patients with RPD. Study 2. RMN-CE detected SI in 33,3% of the patients, with preferential location in deep white substance in 26,6% and in front lobe in 20%. This distribution can be related to structural aspects of the brain and with the high sensibility of this organ to hypoxia. From the hematological parameters selected, average HbF value 8,6% and average leucocyte count 12.39x103/��l were prognostic indicators with different meaning to SI. The increase in the total bilirubin related to hyperhemolysis clinically explains the genesis of SI In the TCD study, only one patient had increased cerebral flow speed >196 cm/sec in CMA, which corresponded to serious vasculopathy in AngioMR. This patient never present previously neurological symptoms and had several hyperhemolysis crisis and VOC as risk factors. Low percentage of pathological TCD in this study, in relation to the high number of SI and altered tests, although without correlation among the three exams, is probably attributed to factors related to the methodology, aspects of cerebral physiopathology or perhaps a sign of good prognostic if the duration of study had not been so short. TCD should be used as a screening method in the age groups with higher risk of AVC and should never be considered separately in prophylactic therapeutics indication. Psychological tests were the most sensitive method to detect neurodevelopment impairment; in 80% of patients the neuropsychologics tests were altered, but without correlation with SI (10%). Since SI can become evident during the first two years of life and develop with time, the first psychological tests should be carried out between 3 and 5 years of age to timely be referred to special education and stimulation programs. Prognostic indicators to psychological tests were also found: alpha-thalassemia was found to be a protection factor of the IQ, just as other hematologic factors (hematocrit, MGCV and erythrocytes count). In relation to clinical parameters, although without statistical significance, patients with larger number of VOC had average lower scores versus the average in tests, except in TP. Results from different studies were conclusive as to the type of lesion found and the importance of prognostic indicators. Study 3. All the patients completed a minimum of 15 months therapeutic treatment with the final average daily dose of 19��4 mg/kg/day. The average value of the fetal hemoglobin increased significantly from 7,0��3,9% to 13,7��5,3% (p=0.028). The HbF average values increased from 6% to 15% after 15 months of therapeutic treatment. Clinically there was a reduction of 80% in the number of VOE , 69% in the number of hospitalization, 76% in the number of days of hospitalization and 67% in the number of transfusions. Once again the effectiveness of this treatment in this pediatric group, as well as the lack of any significant secondary effects, was evident. The study confirms the need for further detailed research in order to safely effect the appropriate treatment prior to the development of organic lesions, which ideally should be in the first year of life. Conclusions: These results allow us to clarify the importance of either pulmonary lesions or either nervous central system impairment among patients, children and adolescents, with sickle cell anemia. These lesions were demonstrated in most of the patients studied compromising their quality of life and the mortality. The treatment with HU is proved to be effective and having low toxicity.

Imagens da T��cnica na Fic����o Cient��fica. A Obra de Philip K. Dick no Contexto Sociot��cnico

Disserta����o para obten����o do grau de Doutor em Ci��ncias da Comunica����o Especialidade de Comunica����o e Cultura

SI SC MDAC switched current-capacitor multiplying digital-to-analog converter

Disserta����o apresentada para a obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrot��cnica e de Computadores

Pipelined analog-to-digital conversion using current-mode reference shifting

Disserta����o para obten����o do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrot��cnica e de Computadores

Ligand K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations on [Fe3S4]0,+ clusters: delocalization, redox, and effect of the protein environment

Ligand K-edge XAS of an [Fe3S4]0 model complex is reported. The pre-edge can be resolved into contributions from the ��2Ssulfide, ��3Ssulfide, and Sthiolate ligands. The average ligand-metal bond covalencies obtained from these pre-edges are further distributed between Fe3+ and Fe2.5+ components using DFT calculations. The bridging ligand covalency in the [Fe2S2]+ subsite of the [Fe3S4]0 cluster is found to be significantly lower than its value in a reduced [Fe2S2] cluster (38% vs 61%, respectively). This lowered bridging ligand covalency reduces the superexchange coupling parameter J relative to its value in a reduced [Fe2S2]+ site (-146 cm-1 vs -360 cm-1, respectively). This decrease in J, along with estimates of the double exchange parameter B and vibronic coupling parameter ��2/k-, leads to an S ) 2 delocalized ground state in the [Fe3S4]0 cluster. The S K-edge XAS of the protein ferredoxin II (Fd II) from the D. gigas active site shows a decrease in covalency compared to the model complex, in the same oxidation state, which correlates with the number of H-bonding interactions to specific sulfur ligands present in the active site. The changes in ligand-metal bond covalencies upon redox compared with DFT calculations indicate that the redox reaction involves a two-electron change (one-electron ionization plus a spin change of a second electron) with significant electronic relaxation. The presence of the redox inactive Fe3+ center is found to decrease the barrier of the redox process in the [Fe3S4] cluster due to its strong antiferromagnetic coupling with the redox active Fe2S2 subsite.

Estudo da Varia����o de K��� com OCR em Areias

Disserta����o para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil (Perfil de Estruturas e Geotecnia)

Formation of a stable cyano-bridged dinuclear iron cluster following oxidation of the superoxide reductases from Treponema pallidum and Desulfovibrio vulgaris with K(3)Fe(CN)(6)

Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42 (4), pp 938���940 DOI: 10.1021/ic0262886

One-pot enzymatic resolution/separation of enantiomers using green solvents

Disserta����o para obten����o do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

The impact of Ireland���s current Mental Health Policy on the profile of community mental Health Services

RESUMO: Em 2006, foi aprovada uma nova pol��tica governamental para a sa��de mental intitulada ���Uma Vis��o para a Mudan��a���, a qual est�� neste momento no s��timo ano de implementa����o. A pol��tica descreve um enquadramento para o desenvolvimento e promo����o da sa��de mental positiva para toda a Comunidade e para a presta����o de servi��os acess��veis, baseados na comunidade, servi��os especializados para pessoas com doen��a mental. A implementa����o da pol��tica e o tornar a ���Vision for Change��� uma realidade t��m sido problem��ticos, com cr��ticas consider��veis por parte dos intervenientes, relativas �� lenta e desconexa implementa����o. Este estudo fornece informa����o sobre as caracter��sticas dos servi��os de tr��s importantes tipos de institui����es de sa��de mental comunit��ria a n��vel nacional, nomeadamente Hospitais de Dia, Centros de Dia e resid��ncias comunit��rias operantes 24 horas. A pesquisa analisa objetivos e fun����es, perfis dos pacientes, atividades terap��uticas, a efic��cia das redes de comunica����o e beneficia da perspectiva dos funcion��rios sobre o que mudou no terreno ao longo dos ��ltimos sete anos. As quest��es identificadas a partir das caracter��sticas dos tr��s servi��os dizem respeito a todos. Os participantes indicaram que o ethos da recupera����o parece ter alcan��ado um papel mais central no tratamento do paciente na comunidade mas reconheceram que o desafio de integrar os princ��pios de recupera����o na pr��tica cl��nica se mant��m presente. Parece ser reconhecida a import��ncia da planifica����o do cuidado individual nos servi��os comunit��rios e os entrevistados indicaram que existe um empenho para garantir o envolvimento do usu��rio do servi��o. H�� diferen��as entre os ���pontos de vista do pessoal��� e os ���pontos de vista dos representantes��� sobre uma s��rie de aspetos da presta����o de servi��os. Este �� o primeiro estudo irland��s deste g��nero a examinar a presta����o de servi��os das tr��s principais institui����es comunit��rias de sa��de mental num s�� estudo. Estes servi��os representam um enorme investimento em recursos, quer a n��vel monet��rio, quer humano. O estudo examinou os desafios e as quest��es fundamentais que lhe s��o aplic��veis e que t��m impacto nestes tr��s tipos de presta����o de servi��os. Tamb��m forneceu informa����es sobre os elementos de mudan��a positiva, os quais se come��am a focar lentamente na presta����o do servi��o, assim como na import��ncia da centralidade do utilizador do servi��o e na promo����o de um ethos da recupera����o.----------ABSTRACT: In 2006, a new Government policy for mental health ���A Vision for Change��� was endorsed and is currently in the seventh year of implementation. The policy describes a comprehensive framework for building and fostering positive mental health across the entire community and for providing accessible, community based, specialist services for people with mental illness. The implementation of the policy and turning ���Vision for Change��� into reality has been problematic with considerable criticism from stakeholders concerning slow and disjointed implementation. This study provides information on three key community mental health service settings, namely Day Hospitals, Day Centres and 24 Hour Community Residences at a national level. The research looks at aims and functions, patient profiles, therapeutic activities, effectiveness of key communication networks and gains an insight from staff on what has changed on the ground over the past seven years. Issues identified from the three service settings pertain to all. Participants indicated that the recovery ethos appears to have moved to a more central role in patient care in the community but acknowledged that the challenge of integrating recovery principles in clinical practice remains present. The importance of individual care planning appears to be recognised in community services and respondents indicated that efforts are being made to ensure service user involvement. There were differences between ���staff views��� and ���advocate views��� on a number of aspects of service provision. This is the first Irish study of its kind to examine service provision across the three main community mental health settings in one study. These services represent a huge investment in resources both on a monetary and human level. This study has examined the challenges and key issues which are applicable and impacting on all three types of service provision. It has also provided information on the elements of positive change, which are slowly embedding themselves in service provision such as the importance of the centricity of the service user and the promotion of a recovery ethos.

Evaluation of motor neuron excitability by CMAP scanning with modulated current

It is important to have better evaluation and understanding of the motor neuron physiology, with the goal to early and objectively diagnose and treat patients with neurodegenerative pathologies. The Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) scan is a non-invasive diagnosis technique for neurodegenerative pathologies, such as ALS, and enables a quick analysis of the muscle action potentials in response to motor nerve stimulation. This work aims to study the influence of different pulse modulated waveforms in peripheral nerve excitability by CMAP scan technique on healthy subjects. A total of 13 healthy subjects were submitted to the same test. The stimuli were applied in the medium nerve on the right wrist and electromyography signal collected on the Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) muscle surface on the right thumb. Stimulation was performed with an increasing intensities range from 4 to 30 mA, with varying steps, 3 stimuli per step. The procedure was repeated 4 times per subject, each repetition using a different single pulse stimulation waveform: monophasic square, monophasic triangular, monophasic quadratic and biphasic square. Results were retrieved from the averaging of the stimuli on each current intensity step. The square pulse needs less current intensity to generate the same response amplitude regarding the other waves and presents a more steep curve slope and this effect is gradually decreasing for the triangular and quadratic pulse,respectively, being the difference even more evident regarding the biphasic pulse. The control of the waveform stimulation pulse allows varying the stimulusresponse curve slope.