Skew(er)ing Identities: the assertion of self in Gish Jen’s Mona in the promised land and Colson Whitehead’s Sag Harbor

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Línguas Literatura e Cultura

Study and characterization of the ZnPc:C60/MoOx interface in organic solar cells by means of photoelectron spectroscopy

Dissertation to obtain the academic degree of Master in materials engineering submitted to the Faculty of science and engineering of Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Reabilitação de taludes de escavação em rochas de baixa resistência na ER 266

A presente dissertação aborda a problemática da reabilitação de taludes de escavação em maciços de baixa resistência. Para o efeito foi estudado um trecho da estrada regional 266 (ER 266), executada nos anos 40 do século passado, que deve a sua construção à necessidade de ligação da estação de caminhos-de-ferro de Luzianes Gare à vila algarvia de Monchique. Esta estrada insere-se em terrenos xistentos/pelíticos da Formação de Mira (Grupo de Flysch do Baixo Alentejo), desenrolando-se o traçado em grande parte da sua extensão em escavação, sendo frequentes os taludes com altura superior a 5 m e com pendentes da ordem de 50º, cuja estabilidade é essencialmente comandada pela compartimentação do maciço rochoso e pelas especificidades das rochas de baixa resistência que os constituem É analisada a situação de estabilidade dos taludes de escavação em vários trechos da ER 266, quer de taludes já intervencionados, onde se verificou a ocupação da via pelos materiais deslocados, quer de outros cujo reforço ainda não foi implementado. Definem-se as características geométricas, físicas e mecânicas dos taludes analisados, efectua-se uma análise expedita da susceptibilidade ao movimento para cada um, com uma avaliação quantitativa do factor de segurança global e do risco associado ao evento. Posteriormente, estabelece-se uma metodologia de intervenção para as situações mais relevantes estudadas, propondo-se um conjunto de potenciais soluções para as mesmas, abordando a adequação da técnica de estabilização ao maciço em causa, e às características da via em estudo (tipo de via, a sua localização e o respectivo tráfego), tendo por objectivo ser um contributo válido na gestão da manutenção de taludes rodoviários. Por fim, referem-se as principais conclusões relativas a intervenções de reabilitação de taludes de escavação em condições similares, em terrenos de baixa resistência.

Control of a white organic light emitting diode’s emission parameters using a single doped RGB active layer

White Color tuning is an attractive feature that Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) offer. Up until now, there hasn’t been any report that mix both color tuning abilities with device stability. In this work, White OLEDs (W-OLEDs) based on a single RGB blend composed of a blue emitting N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) doped with a green emitting Coumarin-153 and a red emitting 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM1) dyes were produced. The final device structure was ITO/Blend/Bathocuproine (BCP)/ Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3)/Al with an emission area of 0.25 cm2. The effects of the changing in DCM1’s concentration (from 0.5% to 1% wt.) allowed a tuning in the final white color resulting in devices capable of emitting a wide range of tunes – from cool to warm – while also keeping a low device complexity and a high stabilitty. Moreover, an explanation on the optoelectrical behavior of the device is presented. The best electroluminescense (EL) points toward 160 cd/m2 of brightness and 1.1 cd/A of efficiency, both prompted to being enhanced. An Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) analysis allowed to study both the effects of BCP as a Hole Blocking Layer and as an aging probe of the device. Finally, as a proof of concept, the emission was increased 9 and 64 times proving this structure can be effectively applied for general lighting.

Al-doped ZnO ceramic sputtering targets based on nanocrystalline powders produced by emulsion detonation synthesis – deposition and application as a transparent conductive oxide material

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been largely used in the optoelectronic industry due to their singular combination of low electrical resistivity and high optical transmittance. They are usually deposited by magnetron sputtering systems being applied in several devices, specifically thin film solar cells (TFSCs). Sputtering targets are crucial components of the sputtering process, with many of the sputtered films properties dependent on the targets characteristics. The present thesis focuses on the development of high quality conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) ceramic sputtering targets based on nanostructured powders produced by emulsion detonation synthesis method (EDSM), and their application as a TCO. In this sense, the influence of several processing parameters was investigated from the targets raw-materials synthesis to the application of sputtered films in optoelectronic devices. The optimized manufactured AZO targets present a final density above 99 % with controlled grain size, an homogeneous microstructure with a well dispersed ZnAl2O4 spinel phase, and electrical resistivities of ~4 × 10-4 Ωcm independently on the Al-doping level among 0.5 and 2.0 wt. % Al2O3. Sintering conditions proved to have a great influence on the properties of the targets and their performance as a sputtering target. It was demonstrated that both deposition process and final properties of the films are related with the targets characteristics, which in turn depends on the initial powder properties. In parallel, the influence of several deposition parameters in the film´s properties sputtered from these targets was investigated. The sputtered AZO TCOs showed electrical properties at room temperature that are superior to simple oxides and comparable to a reference TCO – indium tin oxide (ITO), namely low electrical resistivity of 5.45 × 10-4 Ωcm, high carrier mobility (29.4 cm2V-1s-1), and high charge carrier concentration (3.97 × 1020 cm-3), and also average transmittance in the visible region > 80 %. These superior properties allowed their successful application in different optoelectronic devices.