13 resultados para DEGRADED LANDS


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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

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O litoral, espaço geográfico de interface entre o meio marinho e terrestre, reúne múltiplos recursos que têm vindo a ser explorados ao longo dos tempos de uma forma cada vez mais intensa. A crescente ocupação humana das áreas litorais nos últimos 50 anos é disso um claro exemplo, chamando cada vez mais a atenção de entidades e especialistas de vários domínios científicos, para a necessidade de disciplinar e ordenar a exploração dos sistemas litorais. As praias, enquanto parte integrante destes sistemas, não fogem à situação descrita, uma vez que o turismo, entendido como uma das principais indústrias do final do século XX (Nordstrom, 2000), as elege como espaço privilegiado de destino, promovendo o desenvolvimento dos aglomerados adjacentes que suportam todas as actividades complementares ao turismo balnear. As áreas litorais em geral e as praias em particular, são excelentes exemplos de pontos de suporte da actividade turística, muitas vezes, a principal fonte de rendimentos para alguns países, como se pode depreender das palavras de Clark; “Good beaches are worth bilions of tourist dollars. Degraded beaches are worth little” (1995: 17). Assim, a praia pode ser considerada como um factor produtivo limitante do crescimento de um destino turístico, que tem de ser respeitado, para não existir uma degradação de condições que ponha em causa as suas características atractivas, geradoras de toda a riqueza. Mas a degradação das praias é, apenas, um entre vários impactos negativos provocados pela exploração massiva dos sistemas litorais e daí o seu estudo e preservação serem considerados cada vez mais cruciais em processos de desenvolvimento de efectiva sustentabilidade (Pesme, 1997).

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Dissertation submitted to obtain a Ph.D. (Doutoramento) degree in Biology at the Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ciências do Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

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More than 65% (1040 species) of arthropod species alien to Europe are associated with human-made habitats, especially parks and gardens, human settlements and agricultural lands, whereas woodlands are yet colonized by less than 20% of the alien fauna, which still has a negligible representation in the other natural and semi-natural habitats. Large diff erences in habitat affi nity are observed between alien taxonomic groups. Phytophagous species are predominant among aliens, representing 47.2% of species alien to Europe.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

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MARQUES, B.P. e MADEIRA, C. (2010) “Reabilitação Habitacional em Portugal: a avaliação dos programas RECRIA, REHABITA, RECRIPH e SOLARH", in Atas do 16.º Congresso da APDR, Funchal, pp. 897-931, ISBN 978-989-96353-1-9.

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Mannans (linear mannan, glucomannan, galactomannan and galactoglucomannan) are the major constituents of the hemicellulose fraction in softwoods and show great importance as a renewable resource for fuel or feedstock applications. As complex polysaccharides, mannans can only be degraded through a synergistic action of different mannan-degrading enzymes, mannanases. Microbial mannanases are mainly extracellular enzymes that can act in wide range of pH and temperature, contributing to pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, food and feed, oil and textile successful industrial applications. Knowing and controlling these microbial mannan-degrading enzymes are essential to take advantage of their great biotechnological potential. The genome of the laboratory 168 strain of Bacillus subtilis carries genes gmuA-G dedicated to the degradation and utilization of glucomannan, including an extracellular -mannanase. Recently, the genome sequence of an undomesticated strain of B. subtilis, BSP1, was determined. In BSP1, the gmuA-G operon is maintained, interestingly, however, a second cluster of genes was found (gam cluster), which comprise a second putative extracellular β-mannanase, and most likely specify a system for the degradation and utilization of a different mannan polymer, galactoglucomannan. The genetic organization and function of the gam cluster, and whether its presence in BSP1 strain results in new hemicellulolytic capabilities, compared to those of the laboratory strain, was address in this work. In silico and in vivo mRNA analyses performed in this study revealed that the gam cluster, comprising nine genes, is organized and expressed in at least six different transcriptional units. Furthermore, cloning, expression, and production of Bbsp2923 in Escherichia coli was achieved and preliminary characterization shows that the enzyme is indeed a β-mannanase. Finally, the high hemicellulolytic capacity of the undomesticated B. subtilis BSP1, demonstrated in this work by qualitative analyses, suggests potential to be used in the food and feed industries.

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As one of the case studies developed under the international project “Eoliennes et paysage” we could follow the controversial issue of wind power and protected areas in the Montesinho Natural Park, Northeast Portugal, where the local populations demand the setting up of a wind farm in unproductive communal lands, aspiring to benefi t economically from it, while the preservationist claims against wind power within the protected area are sensed by them as an external and illegitimate interference in the communitarian management of a local heritage. Although wind power installation in Montesinho mountains is yet only a virtual possibility (facing hard administrative and technical barriers), this case study contributed to shed light into the kind of negotiations that are being promoted at local and regional levels, and how the present banning of wind power in the region due to conservation restrictions is reactivating ancient antagonisms.