Influence of the deposition pressure on the properties of transparent and conductive ZnO: Ga thin-film produced by r.f. sputtering at room temperature

Thin Solid Films, vol. 427, nº 1-2

Estudo da Fiabilidade de Rubber Tyred Gantry

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Electrochemical supercapacitors of conductive polymers and their composites

Dissertação Para Obtenção Do Grau De Mestre Em Bioorgânica

NHL 3.5 mortars with scrap tire rubber

The use of wastes and industrial by-products as building materials is an important issue in order to decrease costs with waste management and the embodied energy of building products. Scrap tire rubber has been studied as aggregate for cementitious materials. Natural hydraulic limes are natural binders with particular characteristics of both air and hydraulic binders. Their specifications became stricter with the last version of EN 459-1:2010. In this study scrap tire rubber was used as additional aggregate of mortars, based on NHL3.5 and natural sand. Different particle size fractions and proportions of scrap tire rubber were used: a mix obtained almost directly from industry (only after sieving for preparation of particle sizes similar to mortar aggregate) and separated fine, medium and coarse fractions; 0%, 18%, 36% and 54% weight of binder, corresponding to 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% weight of sand. The influence of the rubbers´ additions on the mortars´ fresh state, mechanical and physical performance is presented, namely by flow table consistency, water retention, fresh bulk density, dynamic elasticity modulus, flexural and compressive strength, open porosity and bulk density, capillary absorption, drying and thermal conductivity. The use of the rubber mix coming from the waste tire industry seems advantageous and may open possibilities for use as raw material by the mortars industry.

Fabrication and characterization of transparent conductive oxide surface sensors for electrocorticography – TrECoG

Understanding how the brain works has been one of the greatest goals of mankind. This desire fuels the scientific community to pursue novel techniques able to acquire the complex information produced by the brain at any given moment. The Electrocorticography (ECoG) is one of those techniques. By placing conductive electrodes over the dura, or directly over the cortex, and measuring the electric potential variation, one can acquire information regarding the activation of those areas. In this work, transparent ECoGs, (TrECoGs) are fabricated through thin film deposition of the Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCOs) Indium-Zinc-Oxide (IZO) and Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (GZO). Five distinct devices have been fabricated via shadow masking and photolithography. The data acquired and presented in this work validates the TrECoGs fabricated as efficient devices for recording brain activity. The best results were obtained for the GZO- based TrECoG, which presented an average impedance of 36 kΩ at 1 kHz for 500 μm diameter electrodes, a transmittance close to 90% for the visible spectrum and a clear capability to detect brain signal variations. The IZO based devices also presented high transmittance levels (90%), but with higher impedances, which ranged from 40 kΩ to 100 kΩ.

Cellulose-based composites as functional conductive materials for printed electronics

In this work, cellulose-based electro and ionic conductive composites were developed for application in cellulose based printed electronics. Electroconductive inks were successfully formulated for screen-printing using carbon fibers (CFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as conductive functional material and cellulose derivatives working as binder. The formulated inks were used to fabricate conductive flexible and disposable electrodes on paper-based substrates. Interesting results were obtained after 10 printing passes and drying at RT of the ink with 10 % wt. of pristine CFs and 3% wt. of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), exhibiting a resistivity of 1.03 Ωcm and a resolution of 400 μm. Also, a resistivity of 0.57 Ωcm was obtained for only one printing pass using an ink based on 0.5 % wt. MWCNTs and 3 % wt. CMC. It was also demonstrated that ionic conductive cellulose matrix hydrogel can be used in electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs). The electrolytes revealed a double layer capacitance of 12.10 μFcm-2 and ionic conductivity of 3.56x10-7 Scm-1. EGTs with a planar configuration, using sputtered GIZO as semiconducting layer, reached an ON/OFF ratio of 3.47x105, a VON of 0.2 V and a charge carrier mobility of 2.32 cm2V-1s-1.

Al-doped ZnO ceramic sputtering targets based on nanocrystalline powders produced by emulsion detonation synthesis – deposition and application as a transparent conductive oxide material

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been largely used in the optoelectronic industry due to their singular combination of low electrical resistivity and high optical transmittance. They are usually deposited by magnetron sputtering systems being applied in several devices, specifically thin film solar cells (TFSCs). Sputtering targets are crucial components of the sputtering process, with many of the sputtered films properties dependent on the targets characteristics. The present thesis focuses on the development of high quality conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) ceramic sputtering targets based on nanostructured powders produced by emulsion detonation synthesis method (EDSM), and their application as a TCO. In this sense, the influence of several processing parameters was investigated from the targets raw-materials synthesis to the application of sputtered films in optoelectronic devices. The optimized manufactured AZO targets present a final density above 99 % with controlled grain size, an homogeneous microstructure with a well dispersed ZnAl2O4 spinel phase, and electrical resistivities of ~4 × 10-4 Ωcm independently on the Al-doping level among 0.5 and 2.0 wt. % Al2O3. Sintering conditions proved to have a great influence on the properties of the targets and their performance as a sputtering target. It was demonstrated that both deposition process and final properties of the films are related with the targets characteristics, which in turn depends on the initial powder properties. In parallel, the influence of several deposition parameters in the film´s properties sputtered from these targets was investigated. The sputtered AZO TCOs showed electrical properties at room temperature that are superior to simple oxides and comparable to a reference TCO – indium tin oxide (ITO), namely low electrical resistivity of 5.45 × 10-4 Ωcm, high carrier mobility (29.4 cm2V-1s-1), and high charge carrier concentration (3.97 × 1020 cm-3), and also average transmittance in the visible region > 80 %. These superior properties allowed their successful application in different optoelectronic devices.

Natural hydraulic lime (nhl3.5) mortars with scrap tire rubber

The use of wastes and industrial by-products as building materials is an important issue in order to decrease costs with waste management and the embodied energy of building products. In this study scrap tire rubber was used as additional aggregate of mortars based on natural hydraulic lime NHL 3.5 and natural sand. Different particle size fractions and proportions of scrap tire rubber were used: a mix obtained directly from industry and separated fine, medium and coarse fractions; 0 %, 18 %, 36 % and 54 % of the weight of binder, corresponding to 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % of the weight of sand. As mortars based on NHL specifications became stricter with the current version of EN 459–1:2015, the influence of the rubber’s additions on the mortars’ fresh state, mechanical and physical performance is presented in this work: flow table consistency, water retention, dynamic elasticity modulus, flexural and compressive strength, open porosity and bulk density, capillary absorption, drying and thermal conductivity are studied. The use of the rubber mix coming from the waste tire industry seems advantageous and may open possibilities for use as raw material by the mortars industry.

Desenvolvimento do sistema primário para medição da densidade de líquidos

Este trabalho, cujo objectivo centra-se no desenvolvimento de um sistema primário para medição da densidade absoluta de líquidos, compara resultados obtidos através de diferentes metodologias, no que diz respeito ao valor da incerteza, demonstrando assim, qual o melhor método de pesagem a utilizar. A medição da densidade de líquidos efectua-se através do método da pesagem hidrostática, que consiste em pesar uma esfera de silicone fora do líquido (pesagem no ar) e de seguida pesá-la em suspensão num líquido. Para tal, a balança hidrostática possui um dispositivo que suspende a esfera para a sua imersão no líquido. Também é usado o densímetro digital como método de comparação com a pesagem hidrostática. O padrão de densidade utilizado foi a esfera de silicone pois os cristais de silicone são os melhores materiais, devido à elevada estabilidade na determinação da densidade. A densidade do ar é uma das magnitudes de influência mais comum em metrologia, influenciando diversas áreas de medida, incluindo massa, densidade do líquido, volume, entre outros. Por isso, foi importante determinar a densidade do ar medindo a temperatura, a pressão e a humidade relativa e aplicando a equação CIPM. Para medições de densidade por pesagem hidrostática, a água destilada é o líquido normalmente usado. A densidade da água, ρL, foi determinada pela fórmula M. Tanaka, Fujii e Masui, a uma temperatura de 20⁰C, aproximadamente. Após a determinação da densidade, foi estimada a incerteza associada ao valor da mensuranda, pois é a incerteza que define a qualidade do resultado da densidade. A validação de um resultado, como suporte à decisão, é impossível sem o conhecimento da incerteza associada ao próprio resultado. A fonte de incerteza que mais contribuiu para a incerteza global da densidade do líquido foi a massa da esfera. Considerando que o balanço de incertezas é influenciado por diversos factores inerentes ao próprio método, realizou-se uma abordagem ao desenho de experiências, através da análise de variância (ANOVA), cuja técnica permite determinar quais os parâmetros significativos. A fonte de incerteza que mais contribuiu para a incerteza global da densidade do líquido foi “Entre Ensaios”. Através do método ANOVA, verifica-se também que a amostra líquida é estável e homogénea devido a apresentar uma incerteza pequena.

Influência dos revestimentos por pintura na secagem do suporte

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau académico de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, na especialidade de Reabilitação de Edifícios. A presente dissertação foi preparada no âmbito do Convénio existente entre o Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil(LNEC) e a Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, tendo sido realizada no LNEC

O casaco dourado de Jean Paul Gaultier (n.1952-): conservação de alta costura (MUDE - Colecção Francisco Capelo)

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro

Desenvolvimento de películas à base de ZnO, condutoras e resistivas para aplicação em electrónica transparente

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia dos Materiais, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Comportamento da espuma de poliuretano flexível numa escultura de arte contemporânea Viúva Negra de João Vieira, 1981

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Conservação e Restauro, Especialização em Arte Contemporânea

Printed electronics for ubiquitous computing applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química

Towards cryogenic liquid –vapor energy storage units for space applications

Dissertation to obtain the Doctoral degree in Physics Engineering