Portuguese Red Cross - Conde d´Óbidos Palace National Headquarters

Ano VI; nº 2 - 2008 - p.103-106

Cochineal, a precious source of red: cochineal dyes characterization by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and principal component analysis

Presented at Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade de Lisboa, to obtain the Master Degree in Conservation and Restoration of Textiles

Trace elements quantification in Portuguese red wines

Dissertation for the Degree of Master in Technology and Food Safety – Food Quality

Le vert et le rouge: a study on the materials, techniques and meaning of the green and red colours in medieval portuguese illuminations

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Conservação e Restauro

Lime based mortars for ceramic tile application: the influence of the lime, the use of a metakaolin and the curing

Intern.Conference AZULEJAR, Univ. Aveiro, 10-12 October 2012

Viability of ceramic residues in lime-based mortars

3rd Historic Mortars Conference, 11-14 September 2013, Glasgow, Scotland

Evaluation of the exploitation potential of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Portugal

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil de Ordenamento do Território e Impactes Ambientais

Natural hydraulic lime mortars with ceramic residues for masonry

9th International Masonry Conference 2014, 7-9 July, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães

Characterization of mortars with ceramic residues

XIII DBMC – 12th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components,2-5 September 2014, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Lime mortars with heat treated clays and ceramic waste: A review

The formulation and use of lime mortars with ceramic particles has, in the past, been a very common technique. Knowledge of such used techniques and materials is fundamental for the successful rehabilitation and conservation of the built heritage. The durability that these mortars have shown encourages the study of the involved mechanisms, so that they may be adapted to the current reality. The considerable amount of waste from old ceramics factories which is sent for disposal might present an opportunity for the production of reliable improved lime mortars. In this paper a number of studies that characterize old building mortars containing ceramic fragments are reviewed. The most important research undertaken on laboratory prepared mortars with several heat treated clays types is presented, specifically with incorporated ceramic waste. Some studies on the pozzolanicity of heat treated clays are examined and the heating temperatures that seem most likely to achieve pozzolanicity are presented. It was verified that some heating temperatures currently used by ceramic industries might correspond to the temperatures that will achieve pozzolanicity.

Lime mortars with ceramic wastes: characterization of components and their influence on the mechanical behaviour

Considering the fundamental importance of preserving the built heritage and of ensuring the good performance achieved by incorporating ceramic particles in lime mortars in ancient times, it is important to study solutions that use materials the available today, in order to produce mortars intended to repair and replace the old ones. Solutions incorporating industrial ceramic waste might be profitable for several reasons, namely for economic, environmental and technical aspects. In this paper, seven ceramic waste products collected from ceramics factories are characterized. Their mineralogy, dimensional features and pozzolanicity were determined. Three of these products, with different particle size fractions (obtained directly from milling, dust only and fragment fractions only), were selected, incorporated into air lime mortars, and their mechanical strength was determined. In the present work, evidence of mechanical efficiency, when common sand or air lime were partially replaced by ceramic wastes, was made clear, drawing attention to the sustainability of this type of mortars, hence, encouraging further research.

Incorporação de resíduos de cerâmica em argamassas de cal aérea

Sabe-se que aproximadamente 30% do material produzido pela indústria cerâmica é considerado desperdício e, frequentemente, depositado em aterro, com o impacto ambiental negativo que acarreta. Esta tem sido uma das grandes motivações para a crescente investigação que tem sido levada a cabo a fim de obter soluções viáveis para a sua reintrodução no processo produtivo. A viabilidade do uso de resíduos de material cerâmico tem vindo a ser avaliada, principalmente, na incorporação em betões ou em argamassas com base em cimento. Na antiguidade e na ausência de pozolanas naturais, eram frequentemente utilizados resíduos cerâmicos moídos, atuando como pozolanas artificiais e conferindo algumas características hidráulicas e de durabilidade às argamassas de cal aérea. Temse efetivamente constatado que alguns pós resultantes de desperdícios de cerâmica de barro vermelho, nomeadamente os que foram sujeitos a tratamento térmico a temperaturas inferiores a 900°C e moídos em granulometria fina, podem funcionar como pozolanas artificiais em argamassas. A introdução de resíduos de cerâmica em granulometria mais grossa nas argamassas, como agregado, pode também revelarse vantajoso, na medida em que permite substituir parcialmente a areia normalmente utilizada. Assim sendo, o recurso aos resíduos de cerâmica pode ser muito vantajoso em três vertentes principais: a redução de resíduos a depositar em aterro, a redução da extração de rochas para serem utilizadas na produção de ligantes e de areias e a produção de argamassas com comportamentos melhorados. Com o objetivo de analisar a viabilidade da introdução de resíduos de cerâmica em argamassas, que se pretendem sejam, essencialmente, adequadas como argamassas de substituição, tem vindo a ser desenvolvida investigação na Universidade de Coimbra em colaboração com a Universidade Nova de Lisboa. O trabalho que se apresenta neste artigo é uma pequena parte dessa investigação. Toda esta investigação tem tido o apoio de um projeto de investigação financiado pela FCT.

Follow the red road of triheme cytochromes in Geobacter sulfurreducens

The bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens (Gs) is capable of oxidizing a large variety of compounds relaying electrons out of the cytoplasm and across the membrane in a process designated as extracellular electron transfer. The Gs genome was fully sequenced and a family composed by five periplasmic triheme cytochromes c7 (designated PpcA-E) was identified. These cytochromes play an important role in the reduction of extracellular acceptors. They contain approximately 70 amino acids, three heme groups with bis-histidinyl axial coordination, and share between 57 and 77% sequence identity. The triheme cytochrome PpcA is highly abundant in Gs and is most likely the reservoir of electrons destined for outer surface. In addition to its role in electron transfer pathways this protein can perform e-/H+ energy transduction, a process that is disrupted when the strictly conserved aromatic residue phenylalanine 15 is replaced by a leucine (PpcAF15L). This Thesis focuses on the expression, purification and characterization of these proteins using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The orientations of the heme axial histidine ring planes and the orientation of the heme magnetic axis were determined for each Gs triheme cytochrome. The comparison of the orientations obtained in solution with the crystal structures available showed significant differences. The results obtained provide the paramagnetic constraints to include in the future refinement of the solution structure in the oxidized state. In this work was also determined the solution structure and the pH-dependent conformational changes of the PpcAF15L allowing infer the structural origin for e-/H+ energy transduction mechanism as shown by PpcA. Finally, the backbone and side chain NH signals of PpcA were used to map interactions between this protein and the putative redox partner 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS). In this work a molecular interaction was identified for the first time between PpcA and AQDS, constituting the first step toward the rationalization of the Gs respiratory chain.

Long-term characterization of air lime mortars with ceramic waste

Due to their exposure to environmental conditions, outer coatings composed by render and painting system are usually the first construction elements to deteriorate and require intervention. A correct conservation and rehabilitation of these materials is fundamental once they provide protection to other façade materials. It is known that old mortar renders were essentially air lime based mortars. To maintain the integrity of the whole wall-render elements, the image of the building and to avoid accelerated degradation, conservation and rehabilitation must be implemented with compatible mortars. As that, lime based mortars would be preferable. It was also common, in ancient renders, the incorporation of ceramic residues, which is, nowadays, an abundant material, especially in Central Region of Portugal. The reuse of these materials has great relevance once their landfilling causes serious environmental issues. In an attempt to combine the environmental and technical advantages of the use of ceramic waste in mortars’ production for rehabilitation purposes, a research has been developed at the University of Coimbra, in cooperation with Nova University of Lisbon, on the long term behaviour of air lime mortars with ceramic residues. In this paper the most significant up to one year results of an experimental campaign with air lime mortars with 1:3 and 1:2 volumetric proportions and ceramic residues are presented.

Light harvesting in solar cells using natural pigments from red fruits adsorbed to mesoporous TiO2

Nature has developed strategies to present us with a wide variety of colours, from the green of leaves to the bright colours seen in flowers. Anthocyanins are between these natural pigments that are responsible for the great diversity of colours seen in flowers and fruits. Anthocyanins have been used to sensitize titanium dioxide (TiO2) in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). DSSCs have become one of the most popular research topic in photovoltaic cells due to their low production costs when compared to other alternatives. DSSCs are inspired in what happens in nature during photosynthesis. A primary charge separation is achieved by means of a photoexcited dye capable of performing the electron injection into the conduction band of a wide band-gap semiconductor, usually TiO2. With this work we aimed to synthesize a novel mesoporous TiO2 structure as the semiconductor in order to increase the dye loading. We used natural occurring dyes such as anthocyanins and their synthetic flavylium relatives, as an alternative to the widely used metal complexes of Ru(II) which are expensive and are environmentally unsafe. This offers not only the chance to use safer dyes for DSSCs, but also to take profit of waste biological products, such as wine and olive oil production residues that are heavily loaded with anthocyanin dyes. We also performed a photodegradation study using TiO2 as the catalyst to degrade dye contaminants, such as those from the wine production waste, by photo-irradiation of the system in the visible region of the light spectrum. We were able to succeed in the synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 both powder and thin film, with a high capacity to load a large amount of dye. We proved the concept of photodegradation using TiO2 as catalyst. And finally, we show that wine production waste is a possible dye source to DSSCs application.