12 resultados para American society


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Journal of Bacteriology (Out 2010) 5312-5318

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Journal of Bacteriology (Nov 2007) 8371-8376

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Evaporative cooling is a traditional strategy to improve summer comfort, which has gained renewed relevance in the context of the transition to a greener economy. Here, the potential for evaporative cooling of two common porous building materials, natural stone and ceramic brick, was evaluated. The work has relevance also to the protection of built heritage becauseevaporation underlies the problems of dampness and salt crystallization, which are so harmful and frequent in this heritage. It was observed that the drying rate of the materials is, in some cases, higher than the evaporation rate of a free water surface. Surface area measurements by a three-dimensional optical technique suggested, as probable cause of this behavior, that surface irregularity gives rise to a large effective surface of evaporation in the material. Surface temperature measurements by infrared were performed afterward during evaporation experiments outside during a hot summer day in Lisbon. Their results indicate that ordinary building materials can be very efficient evaporative media and, thus, may help in achieving higher energy efficiency while maintaining a simultaneous constructive or architectural function.

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Earthen plastering mortars are becoming recognized as highly eco-efficient. The assessment of their technical properties needs to be standardized but only the German standard DIN 18947 exists for the moment. An extended experimental campaign was developed in order to assess multiple properties of a ready-mixed earth plastering mortar and also to increase scientific knowledge of the influence of test procedures on those properties. The experimental campaign showed that some aspects related to the equipment, type of samples and sample preparation can be very important, while others seemed to have less influence on the results and the classification of mortars. It also showed that some complementary tests can easily be performed and considered together with the standardized ones, while others may need to be improved. The plaster satisfied the requirements of the existing German standard but, most importantly, it seemed adequate for application as rehabilitation plaster on historic and modern masonry buildings. Apart from their aesthetic aspect, the contribution of earthen plasters to eco-efficiency and particularly to hygrometric indoor comfort should be highlighted.

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O OPA da Embaixada dos EUA é o departamento responsável por todos os eventos e relações públicas da Embaixada, assim como todos os programas de intercâmbio educacionais e culturais, com o âmbito de promover a política externa americana, assim como os seus valores. O departamento é principal ponto de contato com os meios de comunicação, organizações e pessoas individuais que queiram obter informações sobre os EUA. Além das tarefas desenvolvidas, enquanto estagiária, no âmbito da linha de trabalho do OPA, o presente relatório contém uma contextualização e enquadramento histórico sobre a PD. A PD tem como objetivo promover os interesses nacionais e a política externa, além de informar e influenciar os públicos estrangeiros sobre a sociedade norte-americana e o Governo dos EUA. Todo o trabalho desempenhado no OPA está intrinsecamente ligado à PD e por isso este relatório está dividido em duas partes: a descrição das minhas atividades no departamento e o trabalho de investigação sobre a PD.