Analysis of panoramio photo tags in order to extract land use information

In the recent past, hardly anyone could predict this course of GIS development. GIS is moving from desktop to cloud. Web 2.0 enabled people to input data into web. These data are becoming increasingly geolocated. Big amounts of data formed something that is called "Big Data". Scientists still don't know how to deal with it completely. Different Data Mining tools are used for trying to extract some useful information from this Big Data. In our study, we also deal with one part of these data - User Generated Geographic Content (UGGC). The Panoramio initiative allows people to upload photos and describe them with tags. These photos are geolocated, which means that they have exact location on the Earth's surface according to a certain spatial reference system. By using Data Mining tools, we are trying to answer if it is possible to extract land use information from Panoramio photo tags. Also, we tried to answer to what extent this information could be accurate. At the end, we compared different Data Mining methods in order to distinguish which one has the most suited performances for this kind of data, which is text. Our answers are quite encouraging. With more than 70% of accuracy, we proved that extracting land use information is possible to some extent. Also, we found Memory Based Reasoning (MBR) method the most suitable method for this kind of data in all cases.

How to optimize Lipton’s business model in order to stimulate tea consumption in Portugal and increase Lipton Leaf tea market share?: The importance of distribution and sales channels management in a B2B2C market

Field Lab Entrepreneurial Innovative Ventures

Cumprimento de ordens, obediência hierárquica e disciplina militar versus perpetração (in)voluntária de crimes

Following orders, hierarchical obedience and military discipline are essential values for the survival of the armed forces. Without them, it is not possible to conceive the armed forces as an essential pillar of a democratic state of law and a guarantor of national independence. As issuing orders as well as receiving and following them are inextricably linked to military discipline, and as such injunctions entail the workings of a particular obedience regime within the specific kind of organized power framework which is the Armed Forces, only by analysing the importance of such orders within this microcosm – with its strict hierarchical structure – will it be possible to understand which criminal judicial qualification to ascribe to the individual at the rear by reference to the role of the front line individual (i.e. the one who issues an order vs the one who executes it). That is, of course, when we are faced with the practice of unlawful acts, keeping in mind the organizational framework and its influence over the will of the executor. One thing we take as read, if the orders can be described as unlawful, the boundary line of the duty of obedience, which cannot be overstepped, both because of a legal as well as a constitutional imperative, will have been crossed. And the military have sworn an oath of obedience to the fundamental law. The topic of hierarchical obedience cannot be separated from the analysis of current legislation which pertains to the topic within military institutions. With that in mind, it appeared relevant to address the major norms which regulate the matter within the Portuguese military legal system, and, whenever necessary and required by the reality under analysis, to relate that to civilian law or legal doctrine.

As relações UE-Ucrânia ao abrigo da parceria oriental: a projecção de poder da UE perante a Rússia e a criação de um limite entre dois cosmos

A crise política que teve início com a suspensão do Acordo de Associação da Ucrânia, em Setembro de 2014, reacendeu o debate sobre as implicações e consequências das relações da União Europeia (UE) ao nível da Parceria Oriental para com as suas relações bilaterais com a Rússia. A Ucrânia, que se encontra numa tradicional esfera de influência para a Rússia, e que por motivos históricos, económicos e políticos, se assume de grande relevo para a Europa, conheceu diversas fases de aproximação e contenção nas suas relações com a UE. Apesar da existência de uma fronteira geográfica entre a UE e a sua periferia, a UE estende-se, através das suas políticas desenvolvidas ao abrigo da Parceria Oriental, para além das linhas de Schengen. A Política Europeia de Vizinhança, contribui para o diluir das barreiras naturais através dos seus programas políticos, culturais e económicos. No entanto, a UE não conhece ainda uma verdadeira fronteira civilizacional – um limite no qual o mundo externo é demasiado diferente da sua génese e não poderá ser integrado no seu centro. A Rússia - um limite natural para a UE-, procura também estender a sua influência para além das suas fronteiras. Ambos se cruzam na região abrangida pela Parceria Oriental, procurando encontrar um limite real para o seu cosmos. A UE utiliza diversos instrumentos e capacidades por forma a desenvolver as relações com a sua vizinhança. Estes estão, no entanto, amplamente condicionados pela coesão interna da própria UE – a sua capacidade de gerar consenso por forma a formular políticas e desenvolver instrumentos. As relações desenvolvidas ao abrigo da Parceria Oriental são ainda influenciadas pela sua própria periferia, nomeadamente na vontade de assimilar ou não as políticas da UE. No caso específico da Ucrânia, que se manteve durante muito tempo num limbo geopolítico, no qual não se alinhou nem com a Rússia, nem com a UE, mas apenas com políticas específicas de ambos os cosmos, esta decisão acarta consequências drásticas na relação com o cosmo excluído. E, acima de tudo, a associação da Ucrânia à UE impacta directamente as relações bilaterais com a Rússia. Apesar da assinatura do Acordo de Associação com a UE, a Ucrânia não tomou ainda uma decisão civilizacional de integração num destes dois cosmos. E, a própria UE, também ainda apresenta sinais de hesitação. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação pretende compreender de que forma a Parceria Oriental tem contribuído para estas questões, analisando as consequências das relações UE-Ucrânia, desenvolvidas ao abrigo da Parceria Oriental, para a projecção de poder da UE perante a Rússia.

Quadratic programming versus second order con programming in portfolio optimization

Despite the extensive literature in finding new models to replace the Markowitz model or trying to increase the accuracy of its input estimations, there is less studies about the impact on the results of using different optimization algorithms. This paper aims to add some research to this field by comparing the performance of two optimization algorithms in drawing the Markowitz Efficient Frontier and in real world investment strategies. Second order cone programming is a faster algorithm, appears to be more efficient, but is impossible to assert which algorithm is better. Quadratic Programming often shows superior performance in real investment strategies.

What should Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian do in order to attract the National Millennials?

Branding Lab

Which communication strategy should a male luxury (fashion) brand – associated with a luxury car brand – develop, in order to increase its awareness in Europe

This work project explores how a male luxury (fashion) brand (subsidiary) that is associated with a luxury car brand (parent company) should develop its communication strategy in order to increase awareness in Europe. For this purpose a quantitative research was conducted. The aim was to find out whether the company in question had low brand awareness among European luxury consumers. Hereafter, a qualitative research revealed important insights in regard to luxury communication among male luxury consumers. Both the results of the research and the recommendations of luxury experts laid the foundation for the development of a solution-oriented communication strategy. The result of the analysis crystallizes the importance of the shared heritage and the synergistic effects, of which the subsidiary should make vast use when communicating.