Seguran��a e criminalidade organizada

Globalization brought some deep changes to the world (dis)order. Nowadays, more than in other moment in history, we are closer to the ones physically far, living in ���global village��� called by Marshall McLuhan (1962). The concepts and premises built in this new order, have totally broken with the ones that ���came out from Westphalia���, which had last to the end of the cold war, like, for example, the concept of security. Since then, security has been facing one of its biggest transformations ever, completely disrupting the state border based idea and starting to be extended to other domains, as human, economic, environmental and IT security, among others. In this global and interdependent environment, ���new��� threats and risks have raised, which are demanding a comprehensive approach from the States, international organizations and other actors, to allow the analysis and understanding its impacts on the various society sectors and orders. Inside the enormous challenges to the global security, it is important to regard the organized crime, which covers, by itself, a set of threats and risks, enhanced by its connection to other types of criminality, such as terrorism. The goals pursued and the tactics used by criminal organizations during the perpetration of illegal activities, specially the drug smuggling, have impact in an wide spectrum of the social, economic financial and politic dimensions, which should not be underestimated, otherwise our own security may be compromised. Therefore, the current investigation intends to be an important catalyst to the idea debate inside security scope, through the analysis of the organized crime and the drug smuggling, adding to a discussion of this issue, which should be deeper and holistic, aiming a better understanding of the challenges provided by our society.

Fisioterapia e reabilita����o em Portugal : o financiamento como factor cr��tico do desempenho

RESUMO - Num contexto em que a presta����o de cuidados de Fisioterapia e Reabilita����o �� identificada como apresentando uma desigualdade e desajustamento da oferta regional superior �� dos restantes cuidados de sa��de, assim como uma falta de adequa����o dos pre��os praticados, perante as condi����es de oferta e procura actualmente existentes, o presente trabalho tem por objectivo investigar, no dom��nio do Desempenho, a influ��ncia do Financiamento na defini����o da presta����o destes cuidados, tendo como pressuposto gen��rico que as decis��es estrat��gicas e a reestrutura����o produtiva das organiza����es de sa��de s��o condicionadas pelo sistema de pre��os. Considera-se que o actual sistema de Financiamento/Pagamento provoca um constrangimento na qualidade da resposta destes cuidados a dois n��veis: um primeiro n��vel, ao colocar o pagamento no ��mbito dos Meios Complementares de Diagn��stico e Terap��utica (MCDTs) a contratar pelo Servi��o Nacional de Sa��de, com isso determinando a configura����o organizativa do sistema; um segundo n��vel de constrangimento que incide sobre as estruturas das organiza����es prestadoras, pela modela����o que induz, nomeadamente a n��vel da sua produ����o. Na impossibilidade de tratar as duas dimens��es do problema, pela falta de indicadores de desempenho deste sector, analisou-se, relativamente ao segundo n��vel de constrangimento, a produ����o de fisioterapia de tr��s organiza����es que, potencialmente, teriam o mesmo o mesmo perfil de oferta por se enquadrarem num mesmo perfil de procura. Os resultados reflectem o pressuposto gen��rico do trabalho e abrem espa��o para colocar como futura hip��tese de investiga����o a raz��o da(s) causa(s) que poder��o estar subjacentes �� discrep��ncia encontrada na m��dia de tratamentos por sess��o (duas vezes e meia) na produ����o das duas organiza����es que foi poss��vel comparar.------------------- ABSTRACT - In a context where the provision of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation care is identified as having a regional mismatch of supply and inequality above all the others health cares, and a lack of adequacy of prices in the current conditions of supply and demand, the present work has, as main purpose, to investigate, in the field of Performance, the Payment���s influence in shaping the provision of such health care. The general assumption tracking this analysis is that the strategic decisions on productive structure of health care organizations are influenced by the price systems. It is considered that the current Finance / Payment system causes two levels of constraints on the quality of such health care: a first constraint, as it putts its payment under the Supplementary Means of Diagnosis and Therapy (MCDTs), witch ends up establishing the organizational setup of the system; a second level of constraint by modelling the internal structure of these organizations. The lack of indicators characterizing the performance of this sector, addressed the present study to the second dimension, in witch was analysed the physical therapy production in three organizations that, potentially, would have the same profile of supply responding to similar characteristics of demand. The results reflect the above mentioned general assumption that supported the work, and leave an open space for future research, about the reason (s) that lay behind the discrepancy found between the average of treatments per session (two and a half times) in

Groundwater quality, vulnerability and potential assessment in Kobo Valley development project, Ethiopia

This study deals with investigating the groundwater quality for irrigation purpose, the vulnerability of the aquifer system to pollution and also the aquifer potential for sustainable water resources development in Kobo Valley development project. The groundwater quality is evaluated up on predicting the best possible distribution of hydrogeochemicals using geostatistical method and comparing them with the water quality guidelines given for the purpose of irrigation. The hydro geochemical parameters considered are SAR, EC, TDS, Cl-, Na+, Ca++, SO4 2- and HCO3 -. The spatial variability map reveals that these parameters falls under safe, moderate and severe or increasing problems. In order to present it clearly, the aggregated Water Quality Index (WQI) map is constructed using Weighted Arithmetic Mean method. It is found that Kobo-Gerbi sub basin is suffered from bad water quality for the irrigation purpose. Waja Golesha sub-basin has moderate and Hormat Golena is the better sub basin in terms of water quality. The groundwater vulnerability assessment of the study area is made using the GOD rating system. It is found that the whole area is experiencing moderate to high risk of vulnerability and it is a good warning for proper management of the resource. The high risks of vulnerability are noticed in Hormat Golena and Waja Golesha sub basins. The aquifer potential of the study area is obtained using weighted overlay analysis and 73.3% of the total area is a good site for future water well development. The rest 26.7% of the area is not considered as a good site for spotting groundwater wells. Most of this area fall under Kobo-Gerbi sub basin.